When the cherry begins to bear fruit

The five most popular and popular fruit crops rightfully includes cherries. Despite some moodiness and whimsical care, the plant quickly begins to bear fruit and delight with delicious, healthy, aromatic fruits. However, in order to achieve a decent harvest, gardeners need to select a variety that matches the growing region. What are the varieties of cherries, and when they begin to bear fruit after planting seedlings - further in the article.

What year does the cherry fruit after planting?

Sweet cherry is a fruit culture of the Pink family, whose territory of growth are considered to be the states of Europe, West Asia and North Africa. The plant is characterized by intense growth rates.

In the first two years after planting a seedling, it forms a strong and strong root system, which begins to grow in subsequent years. The tree has an egg-shaped crown, large, dark green leaves, spherical or oval fruits. The culture blooms quite abundantly, from the second half of April to mid-May.

The first fruits appear on the tree at different times, depending on the variety:

  • there are plant varieties that begin to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting material is planted;
  • most of the cherries begin to bear fruit for 4-5 years;
  • some varieties are characterized by late fruiting, which starts only 7-9 years after planting seedlings.

Important! There are varieties of cherries that begin to yield 10 years after the planting material is planted. Such plants have increased yield indicators: annually, gardeners collect about 100 kg of fruit from one fruit plant.

Cherries

Today there are many varieties of cherries, however, all of them can be divided into groups, in accordance with the period of vegetation and flowering: early, middle and late.

Early

The above group of cherries is the most popular among gardeners, as it provides earlier fruiting - the last week of May - early June.

  • The advantages of such plants are:
  • the possibility of obtaining a quick harvest;
  • profuse bearing;
  • good quality fruits;
  • universality of the use of berries;
  • the ability to quickly prepare preparations for the winter.

  • Meanwhile, early-growing cherries have several disadvantages:
  • Self-infertility. Most of all varieties are self-infertile and need good pollinating plants nearby pollinators.
  • Low frost resistance. It is the early varieties of culture that are most often exposed to the negative effects of spring return frosts, as a result of which they lose their productivity.

Did you know? As a result of crossing cherries and cherries, it was possible to obtain new varieties-hybrids, which are called dukes. The first duke was bred in Europe, at the end of the XVII century. The word "duke" in translation from English means "duke". Today there are more than a hundred varieties of dyuk.

One of the main reasons for growing cherries in the early growing season is to obtain a rich harvest of large, juicy and sweet fruits.

Among all varieties of culture, the most popular are:

  1. Household . High-yielding culture, which is able to please the harvest of up to 85 kg of fruit from a tree. The first berries on the tree are formed 5-6 years after planting. The homestead is distinguished by the yellow color of the berries, their excellent transportability and keeping quality.

  2. Iput . Yield indicators from one varietal specimen - 60-80 kg. The fruits of the culture are not too large, weighing up to 8 g, burgundy color, have a high juice content and sweetness. Beginning of fruiting occurs in 7-8 years.

  3. Valery Chkalov . A medium-yielding variety that produces from one plant about 60 kg of large, weighing up to 9 g, burgundy berries, almost black in color. The plant is characterized by resistance to certain diseases.

Medium

Mid-season plants begin to delight with fruits from the second decade of June and ending with the first weeks of July.

  • They have the following positive qualities:
  • better marketable properties of berries, compared with fruits of early varieties;
  • good storage and transportability;
  • universality of the use of fruits.

  • At the same time, mid-early varieties:
  • spring back frosts are much worse tolerated;
  • have an average immunity to ailments.

Among mid-season crops, some of the most beloved among gardeners can be noted:

  1. Drogana is yellow . Great for cultivation in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, in particular - in the suburbs. It has excellent adaptive qualities, high productivity, which is about 100 kg per tree. Berries of culture - medium size, up to 8 g, saturated yellow color, sweet, but not sugary taste.

  2. Adeline . A mid-early variety of cherries, which is characterized by a generous harvest of tasty and juicy berries of a dark red color. Enters the fruiting phase for 4 years. The tree is characterized by excellent winter resistance, strong immunity, but it is self-infertile and requires the presence of cherry varieties or cherries of another variety near donor pollen.

  3. Gastinets . A variety of mid-early growing season, which is highly appreciated by gardeners due to the enviable, sweet taste of the fruit. Gastinets’s berries are one of the sweetest, and very juicy and tender. The tree quickly begins to bear fruit, already 3 years after the placement of seedlings in the ground.

Later

Later varieties of culture, beginning to bear fruit from the end of July until the end of September, are characterized by high quality fruits, which are suitable for transportation over long distances and long-term storage.

  • In addition, plants of the late growing season have several advantages:
  • allow you to extend the season of cherries;
  • provide an opportunity to enjoy the unchanging taste of fresh berries, even in autumn;
  • allow you to harvest cherries for the winter in large volumes.

  • However, the described cultivars have some disadvantages:
  • late ripening requires a lot of resources;
  • need more thorough and competent care;
  • high demands on top dressing.

The most popular late varieties are:

  1. Bryanochka . The plant is suitable for growing in central regions. It is characterized by good resistance to many diseases affecting cherries, good cold resistance. Berries of Bryanochka - pink, dense, medium size, up to 5-6 g, with yellow, juicy pulp and sweet-sour taste. Appear on a tree 5 years after planting seedlings.

  2. In memory of Astakhov . A culture that boasts good resistance to frost, stable productivity and strong immunity to the most common diseases. The fruits of the plant have a presentable presentation, one-dimensional, saturated burgundy color, with an excellent, sweet taste, which is evaluated by tasters at 4.8 points out of 5. The first berries ripen on the cherry for 5-6 years of seedling development.

  3. Cordia . An excellent late-ripening variety, which is adapted for cultivation in the southern and middle strip of the state. Begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. On the tree quite large, weighing 9-12 g, red berries are formed, which are great for transportation and storage. Cordia is sensitive to frost, negatively affects drought, requires pollinators in one area.

Zoning cherries

So that the cherry can take root well, adapt and, subsequently, adequately bear fruit, it is necessary to select the appropriate variety for each growing region. In Russia, more than two hundred varieties of culture are tested in various climatic zones. Did you know? Bees are able to collect about 35 kg of nectar from 1 ha of a cherry orchard.

Zoning of sweet cherry varieties across Russia is presented as follows:

  1. Central, including the Moscow Region: Bryansk, Astakhov’s favorite, Moscow, Kaluga, Teremoshka, Revna, Raditsa, Fatezh, Veda, Bryanochka, Lena, Sinyavskaya, Ivanovskaya.
  2. Chernozemye : Ariadne, Poetry, Iput, Italian, Gift of Ryazan, Leningrad pink, Oryol pink.
  3. North Caucasian : Valery Chkalov, Goryanka, Dagestanka, Golubushka, Francis, Rosinka, Yuzhnaya, Poppy, Sashenka, Morning Star, Yaroslavna.
  4. Lower Volzhsky : Early pink, Donetsk coal, Dayber black.

Each variety requires specific climatic conditions, as well as an individual approach to care and cultivation.

Important! Today there are a large number of new varieties of cherries that are suitable for cultivation in several climatic zones, for example, Ovstuzhenka, Chermashnaya, Odrinka.

Frost resistance

One of the important characteristics of sweet cherry is its resistance to frost. The plant belongs to the category of heat-loving, therefore, in many cold regions almost never before cultivated.

However, today, thanks to the hard work of breeders, unique varieties of culture have been bred that grow well and bear fruit, even in harsh climates.

It should be noted that, as in other stone fruit crops, the winter hardiness of the sweet cherry and its woods is determined differently. A tree may have excellent resistance to frost in general, but suffer from annual freezing of the buds, and vice versa.

The best varieties that exhibit excellent winter resistance in both parameters are:

  • Bryansk pink;
  • Fatezh;
  • Veda;
  • Tyutchevka;
  • Iput;
  • Jealous.

At the same time, the described plants are not only characterized by high resistance to low temperature indicators, up to –37 ° C, but also are highly resistant to such a dangerous fungal disease as coccomycosis, and have a decent, stable yield, not lower than zoned cultivars.

We offer you to get acquainted with the features of cherry care.

Seedling Selection

Of course, the further growth and development of cherries will largely depend on the choice of a healthy and high-quality planting material. A good seedling can be purchased in specialized stores or nurseries, while the advantage should be given to producers, not resellers.

When choosing planting material, it is recommended to pay attention to the following aspects:

  1. Root system. It should be represented by at least three strong and powerful root processes, 0.2 m each. The roots should be strong, resilient, elastic, without signs of damage, rot, dryness. Be sure to check the roots for frostbite. To do this, you need to make a small cut: if the root shoot has a brown color, then it is better not to buy such a seedling, since it suffered from frost.
  2. Bark. In a healthy plant, it is elastic, even in color, without mechanical or thermal damage. Rough and dry bark is evidence of old planting material.
  3. Age. Experts advise giving preference to trees under the age of 3 years, as older plants will not take root well and bear fruit much later.
  4. The kidneys. Saplings must have buds, otherwise, it is likely that they will not take root.

Important! It is recommended to buy seedlings in the autumn, because during this period the choice of plants is maximally large. In the spring, usually, sellers sell the leftovers.

Ground preparation and site selection

No less important when growing cherries is the choice of location for its growth. Culture prefers the most spacious, open, sunny area, reliably protected from cold winds and drafts, which are harmful to the tree.

As for the soil, it is necessary to select light, nutritious and breathable soil for the plant, with a groundwater table of at least 2-2.5 m. In the southern regions where the climate prevails, it is recommended to carry out planting work in the fall, in the colder northern zones - in the spring.

A few weeks before landing, you should prepare a landing pit so that the earth in it has time to settle a little. The size of the recess should be such that the root system of the seedling freely fits in it, approximately 70 x 80 cm.

Immediately before disembarkation, it is recommended to lay organic or mineral fertilizers in the pit. Next, a plant is placed in the recess, and the pit is filled with soil.

In order for the tree to bear fruit well and moisture to stagnate near the root system, which contributes to rotting of the roots, a drainage layer of expanded clay, crushed stone or broken brick should be made at the bottom of the planting pit.

Maximum pollination of the tree occurs when it is planted near the cherry, which ensures fruiting efficiency. Since most varieties of cherries are self-infertile, planting pollinating plants near them is recommended.

Important! When planting a cherry garden, the interval between the trees should be at least 3 m.

Agricultural technology

Cherry, especially in the early years of growth, needs high-quality and timely care, which consists in the implementation of traditional agricultural practices: watering, fertilizing, pruning, processing from parasites and diseases.

Top dressing

Cherries, like other fruit crops, quite intensively consume nutrients from the soil, which gardeners have to regularly replenish.

During the season, the tree is fed several times:

  • in early spring - in the first weeks of June and in mid-July, the first portion of fertilizers is applied using nitrogen-containing preparations that are aimed at enhancing the growth of green mass;
  • in the fall, after harvesting, the plant is fed with potash and phosphorus;
  • phosphoric fertilizers are applied only after the start of fruiting. For this, 6 g of the drug are used on 1 m² of area;
  • in the first year of planting a seedling, in autumn, the soil is enriched with potash, at the rate of 6 g per 1 m²;
  • every 3-4 years, in the fall, during digging, the soil is fed with organic matter, for example, humus or manure, in a proportion of 4-6 kg per square meter.

Read more about how to fertilize cherries.

Watering

In the first year after planting a seedling, it must be watered every two weeks, focusing on drying out the topsoil. Sweet cherry is a water-loving plant, therefore it reacts negatively to prolonged drought: it begins to develop poorly, the number of ovaries and shoots decreases.

At the same time, the culture does not like excessive moisture, which can provoke rotting of the root processes. It is especially important to provide the plant with a sufficient amount of moisture in the phase of its flowering, formation and ripening of berries.

When carrying out irrigation measures, it is necessary to use protected, not cold water, based on 1 square meter. m plot of at least 50-60 liters of water. During moistening, the soil around the tree should be soaked to a depth of 40 cm.

Immediately before watering, experts advise loosening the soil, which will make it possible to enrich it with nutrients and oxygen, thereby activating the growth of the root system.

Cropping and shaping the crown

Sweet cherry - a plant that is characterized by intensive growth rates, which can lead to thickening of the crown, and as a result, poor fruiting.

Read more about how to cut sweet cherry and when.

That is why, culture needs regular and timely pruning, which is divided into:

  1. Formative. This type of shortening of shoots is carried out by young seedlings in order to form a powerful sparse skeleton from the main branches. During the procedure, dry, weak, thickening branches that interfere with the growth of central conductors are removed.
  2. Sanitary. Events are carried out annually, in early spring, before the sap flow begins at the tree, or in late autumn. When sanitary pruning, dry, broken, damaged, rotted, too weak shoots are removed. After the procedure, all sections, in order to avoid infection, are covered with chopped charcoal or garden var.
  3. Anti-aging. This type of pruning is necessary for adult plants that have ceased to bear fruit efficiently. In this case, delete all old branches at ½ length. This procedure allows you to stimulate the culture to grow new, young shoots, from which the crown will later be created. Wood rejuvenation activities are carried out in winter.

Pest and Disease Control

In order to avoid the invasion of pests and the defeat of various ailments, experts recommend regular preventive treatment of cherries using special ready-made drugs or folk remedies. Check out

Fighting diseases of sweet cherry In the spring, before the flowering of the crop, you can spray the tree with a solution of urea or copper sulfate, which will prevent the development of fungal diseases.

In the flowering phase, it is advisable to use folk remedies for processing the tree: infusion of garlic or tobacco, a decoction of dandelion, a solution of laundry soap.

Most often, cherries become a “victim” of attacks by cherry moths, spider mites, aphids and weevils. High efficiency in pest control is provided by modern insecticidal preparations, for example, Inta-Vir, Karbofos, and Aktara.

Among the diseases, the greatest danger to the tree is moniliosis, coccomycosis, kleasterosporiasis and gray rot. To treat the culture, it is sprayed with fungicide solutions.

  • An excellent prevention of the spread of parasites and ailments are simple agricultural activities:
  • crop rotation compliance;
  • regular loosening of soil and removal of weeds;
  • cleansing the site of fallen leaves, dry branches;
  • moisture control of the plant;
  • preventive spraying.

Important! Любые профилактические или терапевтические обработки необходимо прекратить за месяц до уборки урожая.

Flowering and pollination

Большая часть сортов черешни являются самобесплодными, поэтому нуждаются в близком соседстве растений-опылителей. Чтобы получить максимальные показатели переопыляемости, специалисты советуют высаживать не меньше 3 разновидностей культуры, цветение которых выпадает на приблизительно одинаковые сроки.

В фазе цветения, когда растение выпускает цветки, рекомендуется обработать его раствором мёда. Сладкий медовый аромат привлечёт большое количество пчёл, что будет способствовать обильному опылению растения, и как результат, более высокому плодоношению.

Также смотрите ТОП-10 лучших самоплодных сортов черешни.

Черешня — превосходная садовая культура, которая десятки лет пользуется неизменной популярностью и успехом у садоводов. Сегодня существует множество сортов растения, среди которых каждый сможет подобрать наиболее оптимальное для определённого климата и условий произрастания. Обеспечив черешне грамотный и своевременный уход, уже спустя 4-6 лет можно получить достойный урожай вкусных, сочных и чрезвычайно полезных ягод.

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