It is rare to find a garden without raspberry bushes. A wide selection of varieties allows you to grow healthy and tasty berries in most regions of the country. The best early varieties and the basics of crop farming are described below.

Raspberry: taste, nutritional value, description

A shrub from the Pink family forms a tall bush with straight or drooping stems. Its fruits can be red, yellow or black.

On average, berries have the following composition:

• 1.2 g of protein;
• 0.7 g of fat;
• 11.9 g of carbohydrates;
• 1-2% of organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric, etc.);
• 29 mg of phosphorus and 25 mg of calcium;
• 22 mg of magnesium and 151 mg of potassium;
• 0.7 mg of iron and 0.4 mg of zinc;
• 0.7 mg of manganese and 0.1 mg of copper.

Calorie content of 100 g of the product is 52 kcal and includes (in% of the daily value):

• 44% Vitamin C;
• 10% vitamin K;
• 5% folic acid;
• 4% vitamin E;
• 3% of vitamins B6, B3 and B5;
• 2% of vitamins B1 and B2;
• 1% Vitamin A.

The taste combines sweetness and acid in different proportions, often changing only depending on the growing conditions, the amount of fertilizing and sunlight.

The best yellow fruit early varieties

Yellow fruits contain a minimum of anthocyanins and are less likely to cause an allergic reaction. Did you know? A raspberry flower is always lowered by its petals, so bees easily pollinate it even in light summer rain.

Runaway

The fugitive was entered into the State Register in 2009 and approved for cultivation in the Central Region. The bush has an average growth force (up to 1.5 m) and consists of 7–9 shoots with a weak covering with spikes. Resistance to drought and heat is moderate, as is the resistance to low temperatures. Bushes rarely suffer from fungal problems, but are often affected by a spider mite and mycoplasma growth. The plant is easily propagated by root shoots and quickly occupies the area of ​​the site, spreading beyond its borders.

Berries differ in a round-conical appearance, weigh up to 2.5 g and small seeds, easily crumble. They are colored in golden apricot shades, the taste is sweet and sour (acid 1.6%, sugar 7.1%). The average yield is 76.3 c / ha or about 2 kg per bush. The fugitive grows mainly in private gardens due to low mobility and is immediately used for food or preparations.

Yellow penguin

A new repairing variety, characterized by a small standardized bush form with 1-3 shoots. The height of an adult plant is up to 1.5 m, while it does not require fixing on a support. The yellow penguin resists infection with fungi and a significant percentage of pests.

Bright yellow berries weighing up to 8 g have a rounded shape and sufficient density. Dessert flavor with a fruity aroma. Productivity is high, the yield of fruits is stretched from July to October, the berries remain hanging on the bush for a long time and are well transported. Multipurpose appointment.

Valentine

The English variety, which appeared due to the combination of the properties of yellow and pink varieties. A plant up to 2 m high with straight shoots and a small number of thorns. It has a good resistance to diseases, especially root types of rot. Low temperature tolerance is also good. Overgrowth distribution is minimal.

Berries of apricot hue, elongated, weighing up to 7 g. The sweet taste of dense pulp is good immediately after harvesting and in the workpieces.

The best red-fruited early varieties

Early varieties can produce crops already in late May and early June. To accelerate ripening, they are often planted in sheltered tunnels. Did you know? According to legend, the berries turned red from the blood of the daughter of the Cretan ruler Ida, who was scratched when removing the berries. This is reflected in the Latin name of the plant Rubus idaeus.

Kuzmina News

The old popular variety was bred in 1912, and entered into the register only in 1947. The bush is up to 2.5 m tall, spreading in shape, with an average number of thorns . The root shoot is minimal. Frost resistance is excellent, but raspberry does not tolerate drought well. The plant is sensitive to all diseases and pests. The yield from the bush is average, up to 1.5 kg, and the fruiting period is extended to 1.5 months.

Berries weighing 2–2.5 g, elongated, dark red in color. The excellent taste received the highest marks from experts, but the transportability of Kuzmin News is low. The purpose is universal.

Meteor

Another variety from the last century was created on the basis of Kuzmin’s News and Bulgarian raspberry Kostinbrodskaya in 1979 and entered into the register in 1993. A medium-growth bush stands directly, and its shoots have almost no thorns. The Meteor variety is easily propagated by shoots.

It is characterized by good tolerance of colds and is resistant to fungal diseases, but is susceptible to invasion by pests and viruses (spider mites, sprouting and purple spotting). About 2 kg of berries can be obtained from one seedling, and in the south the Meteor sometimes gives the second wave of a small crop. Important! Removable raspberries are thinned out to produce large fruits, leaving 4 shoots for berries.

Red berries weigh up to 3.5 g and have an attractive taste (sugar not lower than 8–9%, acids - 1.1–1.3%) and strong aroma. Berries are well transported, suitable for harvesting and freezing, consumed fresh.

Scarlet Sails

Variety with a powerful bush up to 2.2 m. The branches below are slightly prickly. A winter-hardy plant is immune to major fungal diseases, but is prone to overgrowth and is often attacked by ticks.

From the bush you can get up to 1.7 kg of berries. The weight of ruby ​​berries is up to 2.7 g; they have universal application and balanced taste.

Ball

The Polish Laszka variety was added to the State Register of Polish Varieties in 2006. The advantage of the popular variety is the ultra-early ripening period, when grown in tunnels, the harvest will be at the end of May. A bush with a large number of shoots with proper care can reach 3 m in height . The thorns are small and not aggressive, the formation of root shoots is average. The plant needs to be tied up and protected from fungal diseases and pests.

Frost resistance is good. Productivity - 4-6 kg per bush. The berries are elongated, with a blunt end, up to 3 cm long (sometimes more). The average weight is 5–7 g, the maximum is 10 g. The color of raspberries is orange-red, in the stage of full ripeness - raspberry. The taste is excellent, dessert (sugar 10%, acid 1.7%). The berry is dense, with very small seeds, easily comes off and is well transported.

Patricia

The large-fruited variety Patricia was created at the end of the 20th century in Moscow and ripens in the south in early July. The bush can stretch up to 2.5–3 m with proper care and quickly spreads around the planting with root shoots. Shipless shoots. Winter hardiness is good. It is susceptible to late blight, resists infection with anthracnose and didimella. Productivity - 4–5 kg from the bush, with top dressing - up to 7–9 kg, in the south it can show remontance.

The berries are elongated and slightly pubescent, the color is bright ruby, and the weight can reach 18 g (on average - 8-10 g). The taste is excellent, with a strong aroma. The main disadvantage of Patricia is the inability to transport, so the berries are eaten and processed at the picking place.

Important! The root system of raspberry bushes is located superficially, therefore, tillage in the near-stem circle should be performed with great care.

Sun

A long-known Russian variety, the parents of which also include Novosti Kuzmina and Kostinbrodskaya. The plant reaches 2.2 m and requires support for shoots with soft spikes. Overgrowth education is moderate. The sun grows well in arid climates and can withstand low temperatures. Sensitive to growth, gall midges and didymella, resistant to anthracnose and raspberry tick attacks. Productivity - up to 2 kg per bush.

The berries are round, weighing up to 4.5 g . Delicate flesh attracts raspberry color and sweet and sour taste, reaching dessert in the stage of full ripeness (sugar 7–9%, acid 1.2–1.5%). Transportability is low. Suitable for processing and freezing.

Maria

The Ukrainian variety is distinguished by vitality and good transportability. The plant extends up to 2.5 m and is formed by straight spiked branches. Maria has excellent immunity to diseases, frost resistance and tolerates drought well. A variety can produce up to 60 kg / ha.

Beautiful berries weigh up to 7–9 g (an average of 3–4 g), have a pleasant taste and pronounced aroma. The purpose is universal.

Phenomenon

Another raspberry from Ukraine, obtained by a combination of the properties of the varieties Stolichnaya and Odarka. The bush is medium spread , grows up to 2.7 m. Its shoots are spiky and can withstand frosts to -30 ° C. The phenomenon is resistant to gall midge and fungi, is unpretentious in leaving and pleases with a high yield, up to 6–8 kg from one seedling.

Red berries weighing up to 9 g have a delicate aroma and sweet and sour taste, with a sugar content of 7.6% and 2.02% acid. Raspberries ripen in a short time, not prone to shedding and baking in the hot sun. Transportability is good.

Pshehiba

One of the newest Polish varieties grown in Poland since 2015, one of the parents of which is the popular Lyachka. It differs in the same ultra-early ripening (a few days earlier). The shoots of the Pshehiba cultivar, 2–2.5 m high, are densely studded at a young age, then they thin out significantly. Well propagated by shoots. The variety is resistant to major pests and diseases, frost and drought resistant. Productivity comes to a very high and significantly depends on agricultural technology.

Soda shoot can be removed up to 1.4 kg. Brilliant berries of bright red color weigh 7-12 g, but can reach 14 g. The shape is cylindrical, with a blunt finish. The taste is balanced, with a pronounced aroma. Pshekhiba does not fall apart and does not decay on branches and during storage, is well transported.

Mayor

An early-repairing variety of Primar that has earned excellent reviews for berry size and yield. The bush has no thorns, reaches 1.5 m and does not require garter, if you collect raspberries in a timely manner.

Light red berries weighing up to 18 g attract an excellent sweet and sour taste. Well transported and easy to assemble.

Dnepr-2

The modern repairing variety is characterized by unpretentiousness. The plant shows growth up to 2 m and needs support, resistant to most diseases. With timely watering, it tolerates summer heat and gives 2 crops per year. Dark red berry weighs 5-10 g, has a sweet taste, which retains in the fall. High transportability.

Falconer

A new variety of Polish origin was registered in 2010. The bush includes about 10 shoots with a height of up to 1.7 m, a maximum of 2 m and gives enough root shoots for propagation. The spikes are soft and small. In the south it can give a small re-crop. Sokolitsa is resistant to major diseases and pests, frost and heat. From one bush you can get 5-7 kg of fruit.

The berries are smooth and fleshy, cylindrical in shape and pink-red in color. In length, raspberries can reach 5 cm, and the average weight is 5–7 g (often up to 13 g). The taste is sweet with a slight acidity and rich aroma. Sokolitsa is excellently removed, does not flow and does not darken. Due to the simultaneous maturation and density, it can be assembled mechanically. Transportability and durability are excellent, under the right conditions it can be stored up to 5 days.

Important! Collecting raspberries, you should take each berry with three fingers and remove, turning slightly.

Illusion

The Russian variety was registered in 2005 for the Far Eastern and East Siberian regions. The bush consists of about 12 shoots with medium spikes. Affected by fungal diseases (up to 1 point). Red berries have a semicircular shape and an average weight of 2.6 g. Aromatic pulp has a sweet and sour taste.

Lazarevskaya

Raspberries were allowed to be cultivated in the Central and North Caucasus regions in 1993 and are the result of the crossing of Carnival and Molling Jew varieties. A bush up to 1.8 m high with straight and thin shoots, whose prickling can be considered average. Winters well under the cover of snow;

The plant is sensitive to sprouting, powdery mildew and purple spotting, attack of raspberry mites and beetles. Productivity - up to 2.2 kg per bush. Red berries have an elongated shape and a weight of 2.6–2.8 g, a pleasant taste. Transportability of the crop is low.

Vera

The variety from Altai breeders was registered in 1989. It is a medium-growing plant with spiky shoots that require shelter in the winter months and are not resistant to drought. Faith is sensitive to purple spotting, but resistant to the shoot gall midge. Productivity is high, up to 89–129 kg / ha .

Purple berries weighing up to 2.7 g have a sweet and sour taste. They ripen at the same time and do not crumble, but cannot stand transport, therefore they have a technical purpose.

Unreachable

A repairing variety with a second fruiting wave appeared in Russia in 1992. It is distinguished by a compact bush up to 1.5 m high, however, under the weight of the crop, it requires reliable support. The number of spikes is average. Inaccessible has good frost resistance, moderate resistance to diseases and pests, is susceptible to the negative effects of heat and drought.

Productivity - up to 3 kg per bush . The berries are dull, dark red in color, with a pleasant taste that is significantly dependent on agricultural technology. Transportability is low.

The Little Humpbacked Horse

The latest repairing variety of the Russian school nursery "School Garden", which is being tested and will be available for purchase in the spring of 2020. According to the description of the breeder, the plant has a height of 1 m and gives the first crop in mid-July (in the Nizhny Novgorod region).

The inventive yield, subject to all agricultural technology - up to 20 t / ha for the 3rd year of life. The berries are oval and weigh up to 12 g. The taste is very sweet.

Hussar

A hussar was included in the register in 1999. The bush can reach 3 m with proper agricultural technology, however, the number of weakly sibilized shoots usually does not exceed 5–7 pcs. Need to install trellis for garter. The hussar is resistant to tick attacks, sprouting and curly leaves, fungal diseases. Winter hardiness is good, as is heat resistance. Average productivity - 3 kg, with good care - up to 5-6 kg from the bush.

Bright red berries of a blunt-shaped form weigh 3.5–5 g, sometimes reaching 7–10 g . Seeds are felt in dense pulp. The taste is balanced, with a sugar content of up to 10.8%, acid - up to 1.8%. They are excellently removable and do not crumble, are well transported.

Balm

The result of crossing varieties Newburgh and Rubin Bulgarian, Balsam was registered in 1993. Plant height reaches 1.8 m and requires garter. The number of spines is small, as is the number of root shoots formed. The balm is unpretentious to weather conditions, partially has immunity to purple spotting and spider mites. Over 2 kg of berries gives one adult seedling.

The berries are round-conical in shape, reach a weight of 2.5–3 g and have a ruby ​​color and dense flesh. The taste is sweet, with a slight acidity and a bright aroma in the sun. Transportability is good. It tolerates freezing.

Abundant

The high bush of raspberries Izobilnaya (up to 2 m) has excellent resistance to low temperatures and diseases. Not prone to the formation of a large number of shoots. Productivity is high, on average - 4-5 kg ​​per bush, and with proper agricultural technology - up to 9 kg. Red berries of a conical shape weigh 4-10 g and demonstrate excellent taste and good transportability.

Cascade Bryansk

Russian raspberries were added to the register in 1992, and the varieties Kaliningradskaya and Rubin Bulgarian provided the genetic material for it. The bush does not exceed 2 m, has shoots of medium hardness.

Good winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases, but resistance to drought is average. Productivity - 3–3.5 kg. Aromatic red berries of a blunt form reach a weight of 3–3.5 g, their taste harmoniously combines sweetness and acid.

Important! Before wintering, all leaves should be removed from the shoots by running your hand in a protective mitten from the bottom up.

Middle Early Varieties

Depending on the area, the described varieties ripen in July-early August.

Arbat

Moscow variety Arbat with powerful bushes and an average height of 2 m. There are no thorns on the shoots. The plant has good winter hardiness and disease resistance. Productivity is high - 4-5 kg ​​per bush. Large dark red berries weigh 4-12 g, have a sweet characteristic taste. Transportability is good.

Brigantine

A common variety obtained by combining the properties of Sayana and Ottawa. It was registered in 1997. A compact bush up to 1.8 m high consists of 10-12 shoots with medium-sized dark spines. Needs a garter. The shoots are formed in small quantities. High resistance to anthracnose, sensitivity to overgrowth and purple spotting.

Productivity - over 2 kg from one plant. The brigantine is suitable for mechanized cleaning. Its dark-raspberry-colored berries weigh 2.5–3.5 g and have a dense flesh of sweet and sour taste, with almost no aroma. Transportability is excellent. This is one of the best varieties for freezing.

Features of planting and top dressing

You can get the maximum yield with the best taste only if all the basic rules of planting and caring for the crop are observed. Repairing varieties have their own growing characteristics. Most often raspberries are planted in the fall, optimally in early October.

Soil requirements

Land for planting should be light and fertile. The groundwater level should not be higher than 1.5 m. The site is chosen sunny and hidden from strong winds. When planting under each seedling, add about 5 kg of rotted manure, a glass of ash, 50 g of potassium sulfate and 150 g of superphosphate.

Landing pattern

Most often, plants are planted in rows, leaving an interval of 2–2.5 m between them. The distance between the bushes depends on the size of the variety, on average 50 cm. Important! Ordinary raspberries are often planted in a trench, and repairing - in a pit.

Landing is carried out in prepared pits or trenches with a depth of 50 cm as follows:

1. The seedling is set on a knoll in the pit and spread the roots.
2. The earth is filled up to a depth of 3-4 cm from the root neck.
3. Cut the seedling, leaving 2-3 buds above the soil.
4. Tamped topsoil is watered with 3-4 buckets of water and mulched.

Fertilizers

Достаточное количество органики повышает урожайность и качество ягод.

Подкормку растения проводят по такой схеме:

1. Ранней весной вносят азотные подкормки (80–100 г на 1 м²). Можно использовать раствор коровяка, из расчёта 500 мл на ведро воды (на 2 м² участка).
2. Для повышения урожайности 1–2 подкормки проводят в период созревания, поливая кусты коровяком, разбавленным водой в 4–5 раз (1 ведро раствора на 4–6 кустов).
3. В сентябре вносят по 40 г калийной соли и 60 г суперфосфата на 1 растение, распределяя их в бороздки глубиной 20 см и отступив 30 см от куста.

Pruning

Весной на малине вырезают вымерзшие побеги и укорачивают верхушки на 10–15 см. Осенью рекомендуется удалить отплодоносившие побеги, чтобы омолодить растение.

Уход за насаждениями

Большинство сортов нуждаются в подвязке. Побеги фиксируют на проволоке или верёвке в двух местах: на высоте 50–70 см и 120–150 см.

Почву под культурой следует держать в рыхлом виде, для чего удобно применять мульчирование. Оно также способствует росту побегов, а осенью становится дополнительным удобрением.

Регулярный полив необходим любой малине в течение всего периода вегетации. Грунт должен быть чуть влажным на глубину 30–40 см, но перелива нужно избегать.

Ремонтантные сорта на зиму обрезают полностью, а обычную малину пригибают к земле, и она зимует, укрытая снегом.

Fruiting

Сбор ягод следует проводить по мере созревания. Плоды некоторых сортов можно собирать 1–2 раза в неделю, если их ягоды не осыпаются. Уборку урожая необходимо выполнять только утром, в сухую погоду, используя специальную тару. В дождливую погоду на побегах могут появляться заболевшие или переспелые ягоды, которые необходимо своевременно удалять. Important! Для максимальной сохранности малину нельзя пересыпать и оставлять на солнце.

Breeding

Большинство сортов легко размножаются корневой порослью, которую выкапывают в начале лета, когда она достигнет 15–20 см. Пересаженные саженцы следует ежедневно поливать. Возможно также размножение черенками, для чего срезают зелёные или одревесневшие участи под корень, окунают в стимулятор роста и прикапывают для укоренения.

Современный рынок предлагает большое разнообразие ранних сортов малины. Правильный выбор зависит от предъявляемых садоводом требований к назначению плодов, их устойчивости к транспортировке и вкусовым качествам.