Fresh onions are a great addition to most salads, meat and other dishes, regardless of the season. Its juicy leaves and aroma give the dishes a taste and perfectly replenish their vitamin complex. You can grow greens from a variety of varieties, both well-known and quite exotic. About how to plant onions on a feather, the features of planting different types of onions for personal use and for sale, read in this review. Did you know? Shallots are used by folk medicine to treat diseases of the organs of vision and stomach.

The best varieties of onions on greens

The bow on the feather is quite versatile. Green, thin, long feathers are used in raw, fried, boiled form. They are crispy and juicy at the same time. Their cultivation is available to everyone: in a container on a windowsill, in a garden, in a summer house in open ground or in a greenhouse, on fields on an industrial scale.

From the point of view of the end user, the bow on the feather is almost the same. But it is not so. It differs in pen height, productivity, vegetation period. To understand which onions can be planted, what the crop will be, and how quickly you can count on it, you should read the general information about each of them.

The main varieties of onions on the feather:

1. Batun ( duodenum, Tatar) - characterized by the same height of greenery, can be cut several times a season, reaching a yield of 4 kg / m². This perennial grows throughout Europe.
   

2. Schnitt (rezanets, speed, sibunets) - the owner of a pen almost 0.5 m high, with a very delicate aroma and taste. The yield of chives is 3–3.5 kg / m². It grows in temperate climates around the world.
   

3. Leek - the owner of thin, garlic-like leaves with a very delicate taste. It can yield up to 2 kg / m², it is grown everywhere, but prefers warmer regions.
   

4. Shallot - characterized by powerful leaves, it is harder, but with better yield - up to 5 kg / m². It grows in areas with warm climates and mild winters.
   

5. Slime is a native of Mongolia, whose wide flat leaves make it look like a flower. In our country, this type of onion is not too common.
   

6. Layered (horned, viviparous, Egyptian) onions are also not often found on the shelves due to the curved shape of the feather. Another unique feature of this species is the formation of a nest of small bulbs on the flower arrow instead of the seeds we are used to. Distributed in China.
   

Different types of onions will be grown approximately the same. But if you grow onions for sale, then in order to make a decision about planting one or another species, you should choose a more productive species, with good transportation properties.

Parade

The parade is represented by the Dutch company BEJO ZADEN BV and is a representative of the onion-batun. The variety has existed for a long time, but despite this, it is annually included in the official catalog of the company due to its properties:

• high productivity - 4.2 kg / m²;
• very thin, but resistant to deformation of the pen;
• uniform feather mass (up to 60 cm high).

The parade does not form an onion and is sold only in the form of a feather. Its growing season is 60 days. The variety is resistant to shooting and onion diseases.

Its dark green leaves have a pleasant peninsular taste and delicate onion aroma. Suitable for use in raw form and in the preparation of various dishes.

Important! In the summer, after the air temperature rises above + 27 ° C, the onion-batun falls into a kind of hibernation. To force him to continue growing, they practice watering the beds with cold water in the evening.

Totem

Variety Totem is also a representative of onion-batun. The characteristic inflated shape of the leaves served for the emergence of another name for this onion - duodenum. Unlike Parade, Totem has an onion. The leaf mass can reach a height of 1 m.

The main properties of the totem variety:

• productivity - up to 4 kg / m²;
• a lush leaf outlet with lots of feathers;
• the feather can be very high, but it is not very good for presentation, so it is cut off before it reaches its maximum height;
• taste - slightly sharp, similar to onions;
• resistance to temperature extremes and bulb diseases.

The growing season of the Totem is 60 days. The variety is not susceptible to shooting and lodging. Belongs to cold-resistant varieties and can be grown in the northern regions. The producer of the variety is the Japanese company Sakata Seeds.

Slime

Slime onion is an exotic perennial that came from Central Asia. Onions also grow well in temperate climates, up to Eastern Siberia. You can eat all its parts: leaves and a false bulb. The plant forms a leaf rosette of 6-8 leaves 30-60 cm long, which during flowering is supplemented by several flower arrows. Juicy fleshy leaves reach a length of 20–25 cm and a width of up to 2.5 cm. They are quite large. When cutting a leaf, you may notice that a clear viscous mucus stands out at the place of the cut, from which the name of the onion is probably derived.

A socket outlet consists of one or more bulbs. They form around a thick rhizome, gradually spreading in the ground. As the number of shoots increases, so one plant can form up to 500 shoots at a time. In our country, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant.

Despite the fact that the slime is not too widespread, this bow deserves attention. It is valued in cooking, and is also a good honey plant and has medicinal properties. Young leaves can grow on the plant year-round (except for the winter dormant period). This is convenient if you use a greenhouse to grow. Slug leaves retain their delicate texture and do not coarse. Their juicy structure is characterized by a pleasant aroma of onion and good taste. The yield of this species reaches 4 kg / m².

Another feature of this onion is that it belongs to frost-resistant varieties and tolerates frosts well up to -30 ° C. And even young bushes do not get damaged if the frost reaches -5 ...- 7 ° С.

Important! During a drought, the leaves of the mucus become hard and bitter, and the yield of green mass is significantly reduced. Sowing seeds in the soil is carried out in the earliest spring. A single-row scheme of sowing seeds with row spacing of 60–70 cm is practiced. When 2-3 leaves appear, crops are thinned out to a distance of 10–15 cm between individual plants.

For reproduction, 2-3-year-old plants are used, which are divided into individual bulbs. Depending on the strength of the bush, you can parse it into 10–20 individual bulbs. The older the plant, the more of them. Transplantation rules are typical: autumn is carried out in September, and early spring - in March or early April. Transplant technology involves pruning the roots and leaves of plants that are transplanted. This should accelerate the rooting of the onion and save strength for further development.

Skoroda

Skoroda is another name for chives. "Schnitt" in translation from German means "cut off", therefore, another of its names is Rezan. Chives are an evergreen perennial. It can grow in one place for many years. The plant is a small green bush with numerous thin leaves with a height of 10 to 60 cm. Leaves of a fanciful shape, pointed up. In frosty winters, leaves can die, but this does not prevent the root system from wintering. And in the spring you will definitely see new shoots.

The breed is characterized by a mild flavor and garlic aroma. The plant is used both in decorative floriculture and in the form of greenery. Sowing seeds of this onion occurs in March or April. To propagate chives, you can sow new seeds or just plant the existing onion bush, dividing it into several parts.

Leek

Leek is an extremely hardy plant, almost not susceptible to disease, which can yield crops even when other types of onions on a feather are not able to grow normally. It tolerates frosts and even snow, which makes the cultivation of this species very profitable. The earliest leek varieties can be sown from the end of winter, while others from mid-spring. Planting seedlings will help to get earlier crops.

Read about ways to store leeks at home.

Leek, or pearl onion, is also a perennial that grows in wild and cultural forms. Leek differs from other species in the form of stem formation. Instead of forming a dense onion, he creates a long cylinder of tufts of leaves that resemble weaving braids. Each sheet, as it were, comes out of another.

The leaves are wide, flat, tightly wrapped, turn into a dense white stem. The diameter of the stem is 2–5 cm. It can reach a height of 0.9 m. The species does not form a bulb. It is considered the sweetest and softest of all varieties of green onions.

Important! Despite the fact that leek is tolerant to a wide range of soil types, it grows best on moist, light soil that was heavily fertilized with rotted manure last year. If you fertilize the soil before planting, the leaves will be coarse and stiff. The choice of a place for sowing may depend on the fact that it is a perennial and does not need to be dug out for the winter, so choose any area where there will be enough sun and a quick removal of excess moisture is provided. But if you grow onions in the same place year after year, then the risk of contracting pests or diseases increases.

Summer and autumn leek varieties are sown for seedlings in containers from mid-February to mid-April. With them you can harvest until mid-August. Autumn varieties are planted until mid-May. Late winter varieties are planted in seedlings in May to plant them in the ground in June.

Sow the seeds of leeks at a distance of 2.5 cm from each other. Germination should take about 14–20 days. As they grow, the crops are thinned out to give room for development to stronger bushes. Ripening of leeks may take from 25 to 40 weeks, depending on the time of year when the sowing takes place.

The choice of growing method

Onions are represented by both perennials and annuals. Annuals form seeds that are planted next year in the ground and get a new crop.

The perennial forms a flower arrow and by the end of the growing season the seeds ripen on it. For the characteristic black color, they are called chernushka. By planting them in the ground, you get small bulbs - sevok. Of these, ordinary large bulbs will grow next year.

To accelerate the development of plants, several types of planting are practiced:

• by season: spring and autumn;
• on planting stock: planting in soil with seeds / sowing or seedlings;
• in the place: in the greenhouse or in the open ground.

Each method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, take into account the climatic features of the region, the ultimate goals of cultivation and the characteristics of a particular type of onion.

Did you know? The heaviest bulb was grown by Tony Glover (Great Britain). She weighed 8.5 kg. The giant bulb was presented at the North Yorkshire flower show in September 2014.

From seed

Sowing annual varieties of onions is performed twice. The first time they perform winter sowing in order to start harvesting from early spring, and the second time - in May-June, in order to provide themselves with greenery until late autumn.

Onions are considered frost-resistant plants, so you can start spring sowing seeds a month before the end of soil frost. Onions can germinate at a temperature of +1 ... + 30 ° C. For planting, you need to select a site and prepare it.

Site and soil requirements:

• the site should be sunny;
• if the soil is clay, then it must be diluted with sand in order to soften and create conditions for the development of roots;
• if it is not possible to make the soil more loose, then select a section at an angle to provide quick removal of excess moisture from the roots;
• apply fertilizer to the soil: rotted manure, turfy earth, compost (fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the trenches into which the onions will be planted);
• the correct acidity of the soil is 6.5–7 pH, but if the soil is too acidic, then you can add dolomite flour or chalk 2 weeks before the expected planting of crops in future beds.

Having prepared the soil, you need to make shallow grooves up to 3 cm deep and add seeds there. The distance between them should be at least 2–4 cm. Between the trenches - at least 7 cm. Lightly cover them with soil and moisten well.

Did you know? Onions have been consumed by humans for more than 7 thousand years. Traces of onions were discovered by archaeologists in settlements dating back to the Bronze Age.

The advantages of this sowing are that you just sow onions and harvest when it is ready. Seeds will follow the natural requirements of nature: to germinate when the time comes, timely acclimatize, grow and ripen. In addition, most varieties of onions on a feather do not form bulbs, are annuals, and this is the only way to grow them.

From sevka

Sevoc is an indispensable part of the life cycle of onions. The preparation of the soil for planting sowing is no different from the soil for seeds.

You need:

1. Dig a patch to remove the weeds and their roots that have appeared, and also make the soil more loose.
2. Add humus, compost or other organic fertilizers to the soil.
3. Make landing grooves up to 3 cm deep.
4. Plant sowing to a depth of 2-3 cm with a distance of 10-12 cm between the bulbs.
5. Check that the tops of the bulbs are visible from the ground.
6. Water the bed.

Bulb planting in the ground

Landing is carried out as soon as the soil warms up a little. This will happen in March or early April. Make sure that the air temperature does not fall below -1 ° C. Choose a sunny area with loose and nutritious soil. Onions consume a lot of nutrients, so fertilizing the earth is a must.

Learn more about the features of processing onions before planting.

Landing can be performed:

• tape method with a distance between the bulbs of 4 cm, and between the rows - 20 cm;
• in a bridge way, in which the onions are in contact.

Since the onion is grown on a feather, and not for obtaining bulbs, the bridge method will be more rational.

Pour a 2-3 cm thick layer of soil onto the bulbs. Add mulch next to the beds: this will help maintain moisture in the soil and prevent weed growth.

Did you know? Chives help digestion, relieve indigestion and prevent bad breath.

Optimal timing

If you practice winter sowing, then sowing is carried out in November or December, depending on the climate zone. At this time, the bulbs are at rest, and the main criterion for planting is unfrozen, soft, peeled soil.

Spring planting of sevka takes place in March, 3 weeks before the last spring frost. As soon as the soil warms up enough, the bulbs will grow, and the time before that will be used for rooting.

Bed preparation

When planting perennials, be sure to ensure that the site is well-drained. To do this, practice inclined beds. The tilt is done artificially or a plot located under the tilt is used. This is especially important in winter. If the melted snow lingers on the site, the root system of the perennial will die from excess moisture.

In the fall, dolomite flour or lime can also be added to deoxidize the soil (if pH> 7). The rate of lime application is 300 g / m². Soil acidity can be measured using a special device or strips that are sold in flower shops.

The main onion pests are in the soil. These are nematodes and insect larvae. In late autumn, they are inactive. If you conduct a deep digging of the soil, then some of the pests will be raised closer to the surface and will have time to die during winter frosts.

In spring, the easiest and cheapest way to get rid of pests is to warm the soil. You can pour future beds with boiling water, thereby destroying another part of the pests. Improving the process can cover the beds with polyethylene. The soil under it warms up faster, prompting pests to rise to the surface. Processing the prepared soil with boiling water will be several times more effective.

A week before planting, the soil is also treated with chemicals designed to destroy pathogenic microflora. Often used drugs "Baikal-Em-1", "Fitosporin" and others. When processing the soil, follow the instructions on the package for the drug.

When applying rotted manure as a fertilizer, the norm is used - 3 kg / m². Additionally introduced 1 tbsp. l superphosphate and wood ash. When humus is added, the norm will be 6 kg / m².

Did you know? The ancient Greeks believed that onions strengthen the strength and dexterity of athletes, so participants in the ancient Olympic Games always ate a lot of onions before competitions.

Preparing planting material

Prepare seed for growing:

1. Choose small onions without external damage.
2. Clean exfoliated flakes. They do not affect the development of the plant, but beneath them may be various bacteria or pest eggs.
3. Treat the seeds in warm water with salt (500 g per 10 liters of water) for 24 hours to kill the nematodes.
4. Проведите обработку в течение часа в растворе марганцовки 3% для уничтожения спор грибков.

Plant care

Уход за луком — самый простой из всех типов овощей. Мартовская весенняя почва содержит достаточно влаги. Если вы внесли удобрения при посадке и сделали почву рыхлой, то вам практически ничего не нужно делать. Через пару недель, после того как севок укоренится, потребуется предусмотреть:

• полив — раз в неделю;
• рыхление и удаление сорняков — через день после полива;
• удобрение — 2 раза: первое в фазе 3 листьев, второе — в фазе 5–8 листьев.

Watering and feeding

Корневая система луковицы очень маленькая и расположена не глубже нескольких сантиметров. Эту особенность и нужно учесть при поливе.

Узнайте подробнее, как правильно поливать лук.

Основные правила полива следующие:

• поливать нужно сражу же, если грунт выглядит сухим;
• полив должен быть регулярным (примерно 1 раз в неделю), поскольку нерегулярность приводит к растрескиванию луковиц;
• поливать нужно на глубину до 3–5 см, не больше, чтобы не вымывать питательные вещества вглубь грунта, вне пределов досягаемости корневой системы лука;
• осуществлять полив в прикорневой зоне, чтобы не предоставлять влагу растущим сорнякам;
• поливать лук утром, чтобы влага впиталась и луковица меньше контактировала с водой.

Не поливайте грядки вечером. Это способствует развитию гнилостных микроорганизмов. В конце вегетационного периода прекратите полив, если вы видите, что верхушки зелени начали желтеть.

Did you know? Больше всего лука в мире употребляют в Ливии. Ежегодно на одного ливийца приходится около 34 кг съеденного лука. В состав удобрений, необходимых любому растению, входят азот, фосфор, калий. Они необходимы для осуществления следующих задач:

• азот требуется для развития корней и листьев;
• фосфор — для укоренения и образования луковицы;
• калий — для фотосинтеза и усиления клеточного обмена.

Первый раз лук подкармливают, когда образуется 3–5 листьев. В этот период нужно создать условия для формирования луковиц. Процесс обеспечивается благодаря фотосинтезу и накоплению питательных веществ из почвы. Используйте удобрение из мочевины на этом этапе (1 ст. л. на 10 л воды). You can also add 1 tbsp. l potash fertilizer.

Видео: Подкормка лука от пожелтения и вредителей

Второй раз подкормка понадобится для интенсивного формирования зелени. Она проводится в фазе 5–8 листьев. Используйте монофосфат калия (1 ст. л. удобрения на 10 л воды). Своевременное внесение удобрений обеспечивает высокий урожай и качественные характеристики продукции.

Рыхление и обработка почвы

Целью рыхления является разуплотнение грунта для того, чтобы корни могли «дышать», а также разрушение корневой системы сорняков. Небольшая корневая система лука не позволяет ему конкурировать в борьбе за питательные вещества с сорняками, имеющими более мощные корни. Удаляя их, вы обеспечиваете полезные растения питанием, а себя — урожаем.

Обрабатывают почву после каждого полива. Рыхлить нужно на глубину до 5 см так, чтобы не повредить корни лука. Если идут дожди, то рыхлить нужно, как только почва немного просохнет после дождя.

Влага помогает легче удалять сорняки. Прямостоячие растения выдёргивают с корнем, а ползущие корни разрезают секатором, поскольку полностью вытащить их из грунта довольно сложно.

Чтобы предотвратить появление сорняков, применяют мульчирование междурядий. Это может быть органический материал (солома, опилки) или неорганический (агроволокно, спанбонд). Покрывной материал также предотвращает попадание в грунт вредителей и пересыхание почвы.

Did you know? Согласно древней английской примете, если урожай лука получен с толстой кожурой, значит зима будет суровая и очень холодная.

Профилактические меры от заболеваний и вредителей

Благодаря ранней весенней посадке лук не страдает от вредителей. Но учитывая то, что на перо он выращивается и летом, то нужно вовремя принимать меры. Возле посевов устанавливают ловушки для насекомых (липкая лента). Это поможет заметить вредителей раньше, чем будет нанесён урон плантации. После обнаружения насекомых проводят обработку посевов инсектицидами.

До начала посадки лука также осуществляют следующие действия:

• осеннюю глубокую перекопку почвы для уничтожения вредителей;
• соблюдение правил севооборота, т. к. некоторые вредители способны сохраняться в почве в течение нескольких лет;
• обязательную обработку посевного материала фунгицидами для защиты от бактерий и вирусов;
• обработку грунта фунгицидами за неделю до посадки лука на грядки;
• удаление ботвы и остатков органики после сбора урожая.

Harvesting and storage of crops

Сбор лука на перо заключается в своевременном срезании зелёной массы. Обрезку проводят стерильными ножницами, чтобы не занести бактерии в растения через места срезов. Начинайте обрезать с наружных листьев и продвигайтесь внутрь к центру куста. Всегда оставляйте 5 см листовой пластины. Листья быстро отрастают и могут быть срезаны до 4 раз в течение всего периода вегетации.

Многолетники, посаженные из семян, не трогают до июля первого года. Это необходимо, чтобы растение смогло хорошо укорениться. В конце весны многолетники начинают цвести. Если вы выращиваете растения для употребления в пищу, то цветы нужно удалять как можно раньше. Они ограничивают образование новых листьев.

Выращивая лук на перо, нужно учитывать, что большинство сортов не формируют луковиц, поэтому после того, как зелень увянет, вам останется только очистить грядки, если это были однолетники. У многолетних сортов просто обрезают верхнюю сухую часть. Это позволяет растению накопить больше питательных веществ в корнях для следующего сезона вегетации.

Did you know? Считается, что сок лука предотвращает выпадение волос, поэтому лук рекомендуют втирать в кожу головы или делать маски тем, кто имеет проблемы с выпадением волос. Сбор семян зависит от того, был посаженный лук гибридом или сортом. Гибриды формируются компаниями-производителями из материнских сортов путём сложных процессов, включая генные модификации. Собранные семена не смогут повторить свойства того растения, которое росло на грядке весь сезон, а воспроизведут один из родительских сортов, поэтому их не собирают, а покупают новые у той же компании.

Для сортов, формирующих луковицу, понадобится:

1. Прекратить полив, как только вы увидите, что 75% зелени пожелтело.
2. Оставить лук дозревать на грядках в течение 2 недель.
3. Выкопать и просушить луковицы в сухом, проветриваемом помещении в течение следующих 2 недель.
4. Уложить луковицы в ящики для хранения.
5. Хранить в сухом, проветриваемом помещении с температурой воздуха не выше +10°С.

Собирать урожай нужно при солнечной сухой погоде. В том случае, если идут дожди, просто отложите сбор урожая на несколько дней. Если из-за дождя лук долго не вянет, приподнимите луковицы за ботву (разрыв корешков стимулирует увядание).

При посадке лука учитывайте, что урожай гораздо чаще зависит от качества посадочного материала, а не от того, какие условия вы обеспечили луку для развития. Приобретайте материал только у проверенных компаний. Крупные производители семян ежегодно публикуют каталоги с подробной информацией о своих семенах. Качественный посевной материал и соблюдение основных мероприятий по уходу гарантируют вам высокие урожаи.