Indoor plants growing in limited soil conditions require additional top dressing. The state of plants, their health, growth, flowering period depends on the intake of nutrients to the roots. Fertilizers of various types overfill the shelves of flower shops, however, at home, you can also prepare no less useful and effective dressing from improvised means at home.

Why is feeding necessary?

In natural conditions, when plants live in the open ground, they constantly receive from the soil the mineral substances they need for growth. The inflow of minerals in this case is practically unlimited, since due to the natural processes of dying and decomposition of other organisms, the earth is constantly replenished with various nutrients. Therefore, plants practically do not experience a deficiency of minerals.

However, indoor flowers growing in pots are in a limited amount of soil. They consume almost all the nutrients from the soil in about two months, even if the pot is very large. After this, the plants can observe symptoms of deficiency of certain minerals.

Important! Fertilizing is needed for indoor plants to fill the deficit of mineral substances that are necessary for their full vegetation.

Depending on the vegetation period the flower is in or what problems it has, the type of fertilizer that it needs differs:

• nitrogen fertilizers - to build green mass at the beginning of active growth;
• phosphorus and potassium fertilizers before and during flower formation - from the moment of budding to the formation of buds;
• potassium - to resist fungal diseases;
• calcium - for the strength and strength of the emerging young shoots and stems;
• magnesium - for timely flowering and the formation of strong leaves;
• iron - for bright coloring of leaves and flowers.

Thus, top dressing is necessary for indoor plants to maintain health and ensure full growth.

Regular application of the appropriate fertilizer affects the colors as follows:

• growth becomes faster and more active;
• a more abundant leaf mass is formed with bright and juicy leaves;
• the flowering period begins on time, flowering is plentiful and longer;
• the color of buds and leaves becomes more intense;
• the plant acquires an aesthetically attractive appearance;
• health improves, the flower looks strong.

When to fertilize plants

When transplanting to a new soil, the flowers do not need to be fed for some time, since the soil is significantly enriched with all the necessary useful elements. However, over time, it is depleted, and plants begin to suffer from a lack of minerals.

Find out how and when to transplant indoor plants.

The fact that the flowers need fertilizer and it's time to feed them is evidenced by such signs:

• slowdown in growth;
• delayed flowering period or its absence;
• weakening of leaves - they become thin, small, lethargic, weak;
• pallor and loss of brightness of the color of leaves and flower petals;
• falling of leaves;
• yellowing of the tips of the leaves, the death of the leaves, the formation of spots on them;
• increased susceptibility to various diseases;
• poor resistance to parasites and fungi.

This phenomenon can occur two months after a flower is transplanted into a new soil. But if you start the home garden, you will need to make much more effort to resuscitate it.

A temporary measure of salvation may be a transplant of plants into new soil. But sometimes this is undesirable or even impossible due to the physiological processes that occur with the flower - for example, during flowering or fruiting.

Important! Minerals are required not only for growth, but also for flowering and fruiting. Therefore, if you know when your flowers will begin to produce buds, start feeding them a couple of weeks before this point - then they will bloom much more abundantly and brighter.

Soil fertilization can be dispensed with except in the dormant period - in winter, when all life processes slow down and growth stops. In the spring, the process of rapid vegetation begins. It is during this period that top dressing is most needed.

Basic feeding rules

Despite the benefits of top dressing, its overabundance will be no less harmful than deficiency. Excess in the same way slows down growth and gives plants a painful appearance, and sometimes can even lead to their death.

Therefore, regardless of whether you use fertilizers from the manufacturer or natural, prepared at home, you must take into account the basic rules for applying dressing for indoor plants:

1. Always consider the individual plant nutritional requirements. Different species require different fertilizers. Even the same flower in different periods of growth will require a different composition of minerals.
2. Always top dress according to the instructions, if it is from the manufacturer, or the recommendations of experienced gardeners if you use folk remedies. This will avoid root burns and an overabundance of certain nutrients.
3. Follow your fertilizer schedule. Usually, plants need to be fed at regular intervals on the same day. It is advisable not to violate this rule, then the flowers will systematically receive additional nutrition in the dosage they need.
4. Choose the time for feeding. Doing this on sunny days is undesirable; it is best to fertilize in the evening or in the morning. In the daytime, this can be done only if the day is cloudy and not hot.
5. Liquid fertilizers should always be diluted with water according to the dosage specified in the instructions.
6. Liquid fertilizers can only be applied to moist soil. When applied to dry soil, root burns are possible.
7. You can not feed the plants immediately after transplanting into new soil. The minimum period after transplantation is 2-3 weeks.
8. If after a transplant a flower looks very strong and healthy for a long time, then do not rush with fertilizers. In this case, they can be made after 3 months.
9. Do not feed those instances in which the symptoms of any disease are observed, especially if it is parasites living in the soil, or root rot.

Types of fertilizers for indoor plants at home

All types of fertilizers for indoor plants are divided into two main groups - organic and mineral. In addition, in a separate group it is often customary to attribute natural fertilizers that are easy to prepare at home from improvised products and materials.

Organic

Such fertilizers are natural, representing organic compounds of animal and vegetable origin. The most common are:

• manure;
• humus;
• bird droppings (chicken, goose, duck, pigeon);
• compost;
• peat;
• sapropel;
• vermicompost;
• wood ash;
• bone flour.

The introduction of organic matter into the soil creates conditions for plants that are close to natural. Such fertilizers contain many micro and macro elements necessary for flowers; they perfectly loosen the soil, making it breathable, which makes it lighter and better allows water to pass through.

In addition to improving the structure of the soil, organic fertilizers also fill the soil with beneficial bacteria, which normally participate in the circulation of mineral components in the earth and normalize the microflora in the flower pot.

Important! Decaying, organic matter releases minerals into the soil similar to those found in industrial mineral fertilizing.

Mineral

These are various finished inorganic concentrates, produced in different forms:

• liquid;
• pills;
• sticks.

This group mainly includes the following minerals:

• potassium;
• phosphorus;
• nitrogen.

Nitrogen fertilizers are most often represented:

• nitrate: sodium, calcium and ammonia;
• ammonium sulfate;
• urea.

Potash fertilizers include:

• potassium nitrate;
• potassium sulfate.

And phosphoric are divided into:

• simple superphosphates (up to 20% phosphorus);
• double superphosphates (up to 50% phosphorus).

Familiarize yourself with the basic rules for planting indoor plants.

However, in addition to these basic components, complex nutrition may contain other minerals. Typically, manufacturers call such dressings universal, as they contain not only the basic minerals needed by the flowers, but also additional ones (magnesium, boron, sodium, molybdenum, calcium, iron, etc.). Universal fertilizers are most often suitable for all types of indoor plants.

Natural

Natural fertilizers are the same organic matter, only accessible to everyone. It represents the means present in each house and suitable for feeding indoor plants.

It acts in the same way as a special organic top dressing - getting into the soil, decomposes, loosening the earth and releasing various mineral components.

Important! Different products contain a different composition and quantity of certain minerals, so you need to select home dressing for each specific plant and depending on its needs.

Sugar

Regular crystalline sugar is great for feeding flowers. You can use both cane and beet sugar.

The benefits of sugar for plants are its high glucose content. It is glucose that is necessary for growth, energy, the active course of all life processes in plant tissues, the movement of juice from the roots to the top and leaves.

Ways of application:

1. Take a tablespoon of sugar, sprinkle it on the surface of the earth, pour over it.
2. Dissolve a tablespoon of sugar in 0.5 l of water. To water flowers.

Apply this method no more than 1 time per month. Such a sweet dressing is great for young plants and those that are in the active phase of the growing process.

However, keep in mind that glucose is useful and becomes a building material only if an important condition is met - contact with carbon dioxide. Otherwise, in its absence, the sweet soil becomes a hotbed of mold. Therefore, sugar must be added to the ground in conjunction with preparations containing effective microorganisms (EM preparations) - only in this case, top dressing will have a positive result. In addition, such preparations (for example, Baikal EM-1) stabilize the microflora of the soil, inhabiting it with beneficial microbes.

Ash

Ash is a natural substance that contains a whole complex of minerals needed by any flora. Ash contains almost all the substances that flowers need for full growth.

Most of all, natural ash contains potassium and calcium, but there is practically no nitrogen in the composition. Therefore, such a fertilizer is not suitable for the formation of a dense deciduous mass. But application to the soil before flowering and fruiting contributes to more abundant flowering.

However, you can not use any ash. So, the ash obtained from the combustion of coal is not only useless, but also harmful. It is also unacceptable to use ash, in which harmful materials are present - polyethylene, polystyrene foam, roofing material, rubber.

It contains the largest amount of potassium and is ideally suited for feeding wood ash obtained from:

• birches;
• and you;
• ate;
• pine trees.

But peat ash contains the least amount of potassium, but it is very rich in calcium and phosphorus.

An excellent source of potassium will be the product of the combustion of herbaceous plants:

• Buckwheat
• potato tops;
• cereals;
• sunflower stalks;
• nettles;
• swans.

Ways of application:

1. Prepare an aqueous solution in which 1 tbsp. a spoonful of ash is stirred in 1 liter of water. Water the flowers with this solution once a week.
2. When transplanting houseplants or during the initial planting, evenly mix the ash with the ground.

Mixing ash with any other fertilizer is undesirable, and sometimes it is absolutely contraindicated. So, it is unacceptable to add nitrogen top dressing, superphosphates, bird droppings and manure to the soil together with ash. The chemical reaction between these substances is unfavorable.

Did you know? Cigarette ash is good for flowers! It can be used as top dressing. In fact, cigarette ash is a plant-based tobacco ash with a rich mineral composition, which also contains metals and salts.

Using cigarette ash, the main thing is not to overdo it; the composition of such ashes is very concentrated. To prepare top dressing, it is enough to dissolve about 15 g of ash in 1 liter of water. Such fertilizer can be applied only up to 4 times during the year. During flowering, the frequency can be increased up to 1 time per month.

Yeast

From yeast it is possible to prepare a nutrient solution for flowers, and by mineralization it will be equated to full-fledged complex mineral fertilizers.

Yeast acts as a growth promoter for plants. They contain many useful substances, including hormones that accelerate growth and are responsible for the differentiation of cells.

However, the main benefit of yeast is that it is primarily fungi. Once in the soil, they create a favorable environment for the development of the natural microflora of the earth, which significantly increases the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria, in turn, begin to actively process organics, from which minerals - phosphorus and nitrogen - are released into the soil as a result of this processing. However, the amount of potassium and calcium is significantly reduced, therefore it is recommended to always supplement the yeast with ash - it will make up for the deficiency of consumed minerals and disinfect the earth.

Despite the fact that yeast is quite viable, they are still vulnerable to more resistant bacteria. Therefore, you need to work with this material, observing cleanliness. Also minimizes the effect of yeast, their combination with the following fertilizers:

• grass
• bird droppings;
• manure.

You can prepare top dressing from both pressed and dry yeast.

Cooking Methods:

1. Conventional (pressed) yeast. Take a piece of 10 g and 1 tbsp. spoonful of sugar, then dilute the ingredients in 1 liter of warm water.
2. Dry yeast. In 10 liters of warm water dissolve 3 tbsp. tablespoons of sugar and 10 g of dry yeast.

After you have brewed some yeast, let it brew for a couple of hours. Then dilute the resulting solution with clean water in a ratio of 1 to 5.

Video: Yeast for feeding indoor plants

The resulting dressing can water the flowers once a month. However, due to the large amount of nitrogen formed, such fertilizer is applied only during the period of active growth - when the aerial part is rapidly forming.

Did you know? Thanks to yeast top dressing, the rhizome can increase up to 10 times! Fertilizer acts so quickly that after three days the growth of the plant is noticeable.

Eggshell

The benefits of this fertilizer are controversial. Some gardeners consider crushed egg shells as a good top dressing, because it contains a fair amount of calcium. However, this statement is doubtful.

Inshell calcium is in a state in which plants simply cannot absorb it. In addition, an excess of such material adversely affects the condition of the flowers and causes chlorosis in them.

However, eggshells can be used as drainage. To do this, you need to grind it, but not too finely so that it does not look like powder. Then pour a layer of about 2 cm onto the bottom of the pot. Such drainage will prevent root decay and loosen the soil well.

If you still want to make fertilizer from the eggshell, then use the following methods:

1. Prepare the infusion. To do this, crush the shell to a powder state and fill it with boiled water. Leave to insist for a period of 5 days to 2 weeks. After that, the flowers can be watered with infusion, as usual, as the earth dries.
2. Grind the shell into powder and mix with soil during transplantation.
3. Boil the eggs, and water with the water remaining after cooking, water the flowers.

Important! Egg shells reduce soil acidity, which is not suitable for some types of indoor plants.

Decoctions of vegetables

Fertilizing indoor flowers with a vegetable decoction has not been thoroughly studied. As an official tool, such a decoction is not used, and it somehow does not noticeably affect the flowers. However, some gardeners who have tested this top dressing, say that such a fertilizer certainly does not harm. The main thing is that the broth does not contain salt and spices.

Banana peel

The banana peel contains a large number of useful minerals:

• potassium;
• phosphorus;
• magnesium.

The high potassium content makes banana fertilizer highly relevant for almost any plant.

Cooking Methods:

1. Wash the banana peel and cut into pieces, lay them on the bottom of a liter jar so that they fill the jar halfway. Fill the rest of the tank with clean water. Leave to insist for a day. After this time, strain the water, discard the peel, and add the rest of the water to 1 liter. This tincture can be watered flowers with a frequency of 1 time in 2 weeks.
2. Dry the banana peel. Grind to a powder in a blender or coffee grinder. Mix the resulting powder with soil during transplantation in a ratio of 1 to 10. Water the soil well. Once a month, you can add a little banana powder.

Garlic

Garlic for indoor plants is not so much fertilizer as effective protection against various pests and parasites. This remedy is most effective against:

• aphids;
• Jays
• bedbugs;
• spider mite;
• fungi and others

Чесночный запах в горшке отлично отпугивает практически всех паразитов, что позволяет обезопасить растения от многих болезней.

Видео: Чесночная вода для полив комнатных растений

Cooking method:

1. Настой из головки чеснока готовится из расчёта на 1 л воды. Возьмите головку чеснока, очистите, измельчите и смешайте с водой.
2. Закройте банку крышкой и поставьте настаиваться в тёмное место.
3. Ожидайте до 5 дней, после этого процедите жидкость.
4. Полученный концентрат в чистом виде не вносят в горшки, его нужно развести — 1 ст. ложка чесночного концентрата разбавляется в 2 л воды. После чего растения можно поливать 1 раз в неделю.

Сок алоэ

Такая подкормка считается биогенным стимулятором — органическое, натуральное средство, которое эффективно стимулирует рост, не вызывая привыкания, и не имеет побочных эффектов.

Сок алоэ используется в качестве активатора роста. Он подходит не только для цветов в период вегетации, но и при проращивании семян и черенков.

Cooking method:

1. Использовать можно только старое алоэ, которому от 4 лет и больше. В таком алоэ уже есть достаточная концентрация полезных веществ, дефицит которых испытывают молодые растения.
2. Срежьте листья, заверните их в пищевую плёнку или полиэтиленовый пакет и поместите в холодильник на 10 дней.
3. По истечении срока измельчите листья и выдавите из них сок. 1 ч. ложку сока разведите в 1, 5 л воды. Поливайте комнатные цветы один или два раза в неделю.

Important! Наиболее эффективен сок алоэ, который был выдержан в тёмном и холодном месте. При несоблюдении этого условия его эффективность снижается в разы.

Чем и как поливать цветы

Для полива комнатных растений подходит не любая вода. Так, вода из водопровода нежелательна для полива, ведь она содержит изрядное количество извести и хлора. Поэтому рекомендуется использовать очищенную, фильтрованную, отстоявшуюся или талую воду.

Некоторые подкормки натуральными удобрениями могут иногда, согласно правилам употребления, заменять полив чистой водой. These include:

• banana peel;
• яичная скорлупа;
• yeast;
• aloe juice.

Полив любых комнатных цветов осуществляется согласно следующим правилам:

1. Поливать необходимо согласно требованиям каждого конкретного растения: одни из них нуждаются в избыточном или обильном поливе, а другие — в умеренном или редком.
2. Зимой поливать нужно в утренние часы, а летом — в вечерние.
3. Дренаж обязателен всем растениям, так как он предупреждает застой влаги на дне горшка и предотвращает загнивание корневой системы.
4. Листья не всех растений любят воду. Некоторые можно поливать только в поддон, другие же нуждаются и в опрыскивании листвы.
5. Нельзя опрыскивать цветы днём, особенно если они находятся под прямыми солнечными лучами. Это приводит к ожогам на листьях, так как капли воды концентрируют лучи на поверхности.
6. Иногда случается, что при поливе вода моментально вытекает со дна горшка. Это говорит о том, что земля слишком пересушена и ссохлась, а жидкость просто не попадает внутрь. Чтобы спасти такое растение, его горшок нужно поместить в таз или ведро с водой, пока земля не размокнет. После чего можно продолжать плановый полив.
7. Чем выше температура воздуха и чем ярче освещение, тем более частый полив требуется цветам.

Did you know? Частота полива зависит от материала, из которого сделан горшок! Так, в керамическом горшке почва просыхает гораздо быстрее, нежели в пластмассовом.

Видео: Полив комнатных растений

Useful Tips

Для активного роста комнатных растений, хорошего укоренения, формирования обильной листвы, а также для того, чтобы они красиво и густо цвели, воспользуйтесь такими рекомендациями:

1. Используйте подкормку для цветов в период вегетации — роста, листообразования, цветения.
2. Не стоит вносить удобрения, когда растение находится в состоянии покоя. Этот период в основном припадает на осень и зиму. В это время подкормка не вносится вовсе, а полив сокращается. Однако, если ваш цветок цветёт именно в холодное время года, то подкормку он должен получать.
3. В зависимости от этапа вегетации требуются различные удобрения: при формировании растительной массы, укоренении, росте — азотные, а при цветении — калийно-фосфорные.
4. Любые удобрения нужно вносить только во влажную почву, иначе корни получат ожоги. Полив проводят за 2–3 часа до подкормки.
5. Минералы из удобрений лучше усваиваются, если вода, в которой они растворены или которая используется при поливе, теплее комнатной температуры на 2–3°С.
6. Использовать воду из-под крана можно только после отстаивания. Причём отстаивать такую воду нужно не менее 3 дней.
7. Кофейную гущу от спитого кофе, как и заварку из-под чая, можно использовать в качестве разрыхлителя грунта, если смешать их во время пересадки.
8. Обеднённую почву хорошо обогащает отвар из крапивы.
9. Повысить иммунитет комнатных растений поможет аспирин, если одну таблетку растворить в 1 л воды и опрыскать этой жидкостью цветы.
10. Касторовое масло сделает бутоны более красочными и густыми, если во время цветения в почву подливать воду с разбавленной в ней чайной ложкой касторового масла.
11. Если цветам не хватает света для полноценного роста, разместите вокруг них зеркала — количество света увеличится из-за отражения в них.

Important! Освещение влияет на метаболизм растений. Зимой короткий световой день и отсутствие естественного освещения провоцируют замедленное усвоение полезных веществ цветами, из-за чего подкормки становятся бесполезными.

Комнатные растения, растущие в условия ограниченного пространства, больше нуждаются в подкормке органическими и минеральными удобрениями, чем те, которые произрастают в открытом грунте. Чтобы содержать цветы здоровыми и сильными, совсем не обязательно тратиться на покупные средства. Множество домашних продуктов и материалов являются прекрасным источником всех необходимых растениям элементов — азота, фосфора и калия.