Garden

Green grapes: useful properties, the best varieties, how to prepare for the winter

Green grapes are white varieties. Light grape varieties have a lot of positive qualities. Which ones, read below.

Composition and calorie content of green grapes

There are 47 kcal per 100 g of white grape berries, most of which are carbohydrates. Eating 200 g of green grapes per day, you can make up for the lack of nutrients that the human body needs for normal functioning.

Did you know? Grape juice contains an analogue of formaldehyde - acetaldehyde, used in embalming dead bodies. This feature was used by the ancient Egyptians during the burial of the pharaohs.

The chemical composition of green grapes:

vitamin C;
tocopherol;
potassium;
magnesium;
zinc;
fiber (found mainly in the peel);
calcium;
phosphorus;
flavonoids;
phenolic acids;
phytonutrients.

Useful properties and possible harm

Grapes are useful for humans in that:
improves patency of blood vessels, strengthens their walls;
effectively enhances immunity;
accelerates the digestion of food, stimulating the secretion of gastric juice;
gently affects the nervous system, reducing irritability;
improves the condition of the bone marrow.

The benefits of grapes can result in harm when consumed intensively. An excess of useful substances in the body also negatively affects its work, as well as a lack.

Overeating grapes can lead to:
digestive upset;
the appearance of allergic reactions in the form of rashes;
the development of gastritis.

Popular varieties of green grapes and their names with photos

Varieties of green grapes are represented by technical and table species with long and short clusters. Technical types are mainly used for making wines and tinctures. Canteens are more versatile in this regard and are suitable not only for making wines, but also for fresh consumption, pickling and cooking. Below are common varieties and their description.

Did you know? At dinner parties, so that the colored berries do not stain the lips of those present, they are not served at all, for example, blueberries or blue grapes, or when serving, lay next to it slices of lemon. Citrus removes the unpleasant consequences of eating such berries.

Technical

The most popular wine varieties:

White muscat is one of the oldest grape varieties. Berries ripen in 140 days from the appearance of the first leafy buds. At the place of inflorescences, cylindrical clusters are formed with rarely arranged light green berries, which allows them to evenly warm up under the sun and acquire a bright taste and aroma. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, sweet. Advantages - in high productivity and versatility in use. Among the disadvantages are high susceptibility to fungal diseases and low frost resistance.
Riesling is a German grape variety characterized by high productivity (120 c / ha). The clusters are small- and medium-sized, cylindrical with densely arranged berries of medium size. Fruits are painted in green-yellow color. The dignity of the variety is high frost resistance, which allows it to be grown in climatically unfavorable areas. The fruits are used on an industrial scale for the production of champagne and wines. The disadvantage is poor immunity to diseases.
Chasla Dore - refers to one of the oldest varieties imported from Egypt. On shoots clusters of medium-sized conical or semi-cylindrical shape are formed. The berries are yellow-green, when grown in well-lit areas, they can acquire an orange tint. The advantages of the variety are high productivity (90 kg / ha), good keeping quality, high taste. The main disadvantage is low frost resistance - the variety is intended for cultivation in the southern regions.
White enthusiasm is an early variety. Berries ripen in 120 days. The advantage is the ability to tolerate frosts down to –27 ° C, which allows you to grow it in any region and get high yields. In addition, the variety is resistant to drought and gray rot. Large clusters with large berries of light green color are formed on the shoots. The fruits are sweet, juicy, leave a nutmeg aftertaste. The disadvantage is the tendency to defeat powdery mildew and phylloxera.

Canteens

The most popular varieties for universal use:

Bazhena - refers to self-pollinating hybrid varieties. It has a high maturity rate of 100 days. The clusters are oblong with large pale green berries. The pulp is juicy, sugary, leaves an apple or cherry aftertaste. It has many advantages: disease resistance, excellent taste, good presentation and resistance to mechanical damage. There is only one drawback - low frost resistance.
Valentina is a vigorous variety. Forms large elongated clusters with loose yellowish-green berries. Berries are characterized by a pleasant taste of sage. Among the advantages - the lack of tendency to bean fruit, the simultaneous ripening. Disadvantages - fragility of annual shoots and average productivity.
Kishmish No. 342 is an early ripening variety that ripens in 110 days. Small clusters with small, light green berries form on the bushes. Advantages - high palatability, lack of seeds, ability to tolerate frosts down to –26 ° С. The disadvantage is low resistance to disease.

Features of use

Grapes have their own characteristics of use, which you need to know.

Is it possible with allergies?

Is grape allergen or not? Often, food allergies to grapes are a consequence of a violation of the functioning of the digestive tract, when special enzymes are not enough in the intestinal microflora. As a result, the body cannot cope with the digestion of a heavy product and gives out a reaction in the form of skin rashes, which indicates intoxication. In such cases, grapes without skins can be allowed for use by a doctor in the presence of concomitant treatment with enzymatic preparations.

Find out in more detail whether grapes can cause allergies and how they manifest.

The second reason may lie in the presence of allergies to flowering herbs during the ripening period of grapes. For example, if a person is allergic to ragweed, then pollen from it falls on the berries. With inappropriate treatment before use (thorough washing), symptoms may appear in the form of suffocation, discharge of fluid from the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes. In this case, the grapes are allowed to be eaten without skin and after thorough washing and processing with boiling water.

In the third case, a negative reaction may occur if there is an allergy to products or herbs that are baptized with grapes. Many foods share the same ingredients. For example, if you are allergic to birch, it is better to refuse to use all products with seeds (apples, pears, grapes, peaches) or to use them after the doctor’s permission in minimal quantities after appropriate treatment (preservation). Green grape acts very rarely as an independent allergen. In such cases, he and products that cross with him are completely contraindicated for use.

Are they getting fat from grapes?

With weight loss, grapes can be included in diets involving the rejection of sweets. Thanks to carbohydrates, it helps to maintain energy balance and eliminate such side effects of refusing sweets as dizziness, irritability, lethargy. However, it is not worth overdoing it, since a large amount of it leads to the accumulation of fat deposits, thanks to all the same carbohydrates. The norms of grape consumption for losing weight are up to 200 g of berries with skins per day.

You will be interested to know if grapes are useful for losing weight.

During pregnancy

During the bearing of a child, women are better off giving up grapes if the following symptoms occur:

indigestion, characterized by increased secretion of gastric juice, diarrhea;
intolerance to the product;
increased gas formation.

If the expectant mother feels well and feels the need for this product - there are no prohibitions on it.

What can you cook for the winter from green grapes at home?

From grapes you can make not only wine, but also make winter preparations in the form of jam or pickled berries. Below are options for using grape fruit.

Important! Fresh fruits and their juices are best consumed to a minimum in the last months of pregnancy, as they increase the uterine tone, which can lead to premature birth or cause hypoxia in the fetus.

Home wine

For the production of homemade wine use grapes that have reached physical maturity. Raw materials are collected in dry, calm weather. If it has recently rained, you can harvest only after 3-4 days. The main condition is that grapes for making wine are not washed.

The following ingredients will be required for preparation:

10 kg of grapes;
2-3 kg of sugar.

Sequencing:

Free grapes from the branches and squeeze the juice from the berries manually.
Pour 500 g of sugar into the resulting mass, stir with a wooden spoon and cover with gauze.
In this condition, withstand the mass at a temperature of +16 ... + 22 ° C for 4 days, breaking the crust formed on the cap from the pulp twice a day.
As soon as the pulp is pushed away, bubbles will appear on the surface of the liquid, and it will acquire a lighter shade, 5 hours after mixing, drain the wort into a separate container.
Add 500 g of sugar to the liquid, mix, put a glove on the neck, pre-puncture one finger on it, or use a water seal.
Soak for a week at the same temperature, then drain 1 liter of wort and dissolve the next portion of sugar in it. Perform similar manipulations 2 more times.
Remove the wine from the precipitate by filtering through cheesecloth, add sugar again and soak the wine for 3-4 days. If the fermentation process is not observed (the glove does not inflate), you can proceed to bottling in separate bottles.
Before bottling, try the drink for sweetness, if not enough, add another 400-500 g of sugar.
Send tightly corked bottles for ripening in a dark room where the air temperature is maintained within +6 ... + 10 ° С for 3 months.
After this period, strain the drink again and send for ripening for a month.

Video: how to make homemade wine from grapes

Grape jam

From grapes a delicious jam is obtained, for its preparation you will need:

1.5 kg of grape berries (it is better to take a seedless variety);
600 g of sugar;
2 small lemons.

Did you know? The record holder grape grew in Chile in 1984, surprising the whole world. Her weight was 9 kg 398 g.

Sequencing:

Wash the grapes and dry it, cover it with sugar, mash it slightly and mix.
Put the pan on the fire and, after boiling, squeeze the lemon juice.
Boil for 20 minutes, stirring constantly.
After 20 minutes, start checking for density. To do this, put the saucer in the freezer for 10 minutes, then drip 1 tsp. syrup and send to the freezer for 1 minute. Run a furrow through the fluid, and if it remains empty, but not restored, you can proceed to the next step. Otherwise, boil the jam for another 10 minutes and retest.
In sterilized jars, fill the jam and roll up the lids.
Set aside by turning the cans upside down and wrapping them tightly in a towel.
After cooling, store in a cool dark place.

Video: how to make grape jam

How to preserve grapes?

Grapes, like other berries, can be preserved.

For one of the methods you will need:

700 g of berries, separated from the branches;
200 g of sugar;
2 liters of water.

Important! In August, watering is canceled. This is associated with a high risk of infection with phylloxera and fungal diseases.

Step-by-step instruction:

Boil water.
Lay the berries in sterilized jars and pour boiling water over it.
Leave it on for 20 minutes.
Pour the water into the pan, add sugar and boil for 5 minutes.
Pour the berries with syrup and roll them up.
Cool the cans according to the above scheme and send for storage.

Video: how to preserve grapes

Pickled grapes

Pickled grapes can be a delicious snack for cheese and meat cuts, as well as alcoholic beverages.

Important! Unused bay leaves should not be stored in open packaging . Place them in a glass dry container or sealed paper bags and keep them in a closed, dry kitchen cabinet.

To prepare it you will need:

0.5 kg of grape berries separated from the ridges;
400 ml of water;
2 lemons;
5 g of cinnamon powder;
100 g of sugar;
20 g of salt;
allspice and black pepper, 5 pcs.;
10 grains of cardamom;
Bay leaf.

First, pickle. To do this, add salt, sugar, spices to the water and boil for 5 minutes. At this time, the berries are placed in a jar. Then the contents of the jar must be filled with marinade and corked with lids. After cooling, the appetizer is sent to the refrigerator for 5 days. After this period it is ready for use.

Video: how to make pickled grapes

Planting and Care Rules

Before planting grapes, it is worth deciding on the place of its cultivation. This should be an open, bright area, protected from draft. The soil on the site should have neutral pH values, within 5–6. Soil preparation is carried out in the fall. For this, the site is dug up to a depth of 30 cm, treated with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. After a week, the soil is again dug up to a depth of 20 cm, and 10 kg of manure and 400 g of superphosphate to a depth of 10 cm are closed per 1 m².

In the spring, 2 weeks before planting, when the risk of freezing frost is over, 400 g of wood ash and 10 kg of compost are embedded in the soil to a depth of 15 cm. A couple of days before planting, markup is made and planting pits 70 × 70 × 70 cm in size are dug. A distance of at least 1 m should remain between the bushes. The soil from the pit is mixed with 200 g of superphosphate and the pits are filled 1/3. 10 l of water at room temperature (+ 20 ° C) is poured into each pit and supports are installed, buried in holes.

Read also when it is better to plant grapes.

Trellis is built next to the rows, having installed several wooden poles 2 m high along their entire length, between which 3-4 wires are pulled. The lower trellis wire should be 30 cm from the soil. Before planting, the roots are inspected for rot, the dried ones are removed and treated with ash mixed 1: 1 with baseazole. A small hill is built in the center of the landing pit, on which the root system is placed and then the voids are filled with soil.

Trenches are dug near the holes at a distance of 50 cm from the main stem. They pour 10 liters of water. Subsequently, in the first year of planting, care consists of regular watering, loosening and mulching of the soil. The first 2 months of watering is carried out once every 2 weeks. After each watering, the soil is loosened to a depth of 10 cm near the main stem, 15 cm in the aisles, and then mulched with compost.

From the second year they begin to fertilize:

nitrogenous - after removal of shelters (manure, urea);
phosphoric - at the stage of the formation of flowers (monophosphate);
potassium phosphorus - in the pre-winter period (wood ash).

Grapes are watered only 3-4 times a season, based on weather conditions:

in the fall - 50 l per bush;
in spring - 30 liters per bush;
during flowering - 20 l per bush;
during fruit pouring - 20 liters per bush.

We recommend that you learn how to water the grapes correctly and how often.

In spring and autumn, sanitary and shaping pruning is carried out. Usually, 1-2 main branches are left on the bushes, which will bear fruit and 1 spare, from which the roots will feed. Up to 40 active buds are left on each sleeve to ensure full fruiting and reduce the load on the bush.

Also, 3 times a season carry out preventive treatments with copper or iron sulfate:

after removing the shelter;
a week before flowering;
during the winter preparation period.

When the grapes ripen, it depends on the weather conditions of the growing region. In the northern regions, sometimes the fruits do not have time to ripen completely, so you have to remove the clusters from the branches at the stage of technical maturity. The ripening period of grapes falls in mid-September - October.

Grapes are one of the most common crops grown in the world. Juicy berries are highly nutritious and are characterized by excellent taste. In terms of use, the berries of this culture are universal and suitable not only for fresh consumption and the manufacture of champagne, wines, but also for the production of winter blanks, serving as independent snacks, revealing the taste of other dishes.