Kishmish, seedless grapes, is especially popular among summer residents and farmers. This article is devoted to the description of the cultivar “Centennial”, the intricacies of its cultivation and care.

Selection and distribution regions

The variety was bred from the United States in the 60s. last century. As the parent varieties, the table varieties Emperor (California), Golden muscat (New York) and Pirovano 75 (Italy) were used. Grapes are widespread in their homeland and beyond:

• In South and Central America;
• Russia;
• Africa
• Italy
• Ukraine;
• Belarus;
• Australia

In the Russian Federation, "Century" is grown both in warmer regions (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region), and in cooler climatic conditions (Moscow, Yaroslavl Region).

Check out this sort of sultanas grape like Attica.

Description of the grape variety of raisins “Century”

A tall shoot with thick shoots grows up to 2–2.5 m in height. The foliage is large, bright green in color. The bunch is in the shape of a cone, medium density, weight 700–1200 g. The berries are large, elongated and oval in shape, when fully ripe, they take on a shade of light amber. The pulp is juicy with a thin, crispy skin. The taste of the fruit is sweet, with a nutmeg aroma and aftertaste.

Photo gallery

Grade characteristics

The century belongs to early ripening varieties, the ripening period is 120–125 days. The variety bears fruit stably, the first crop is harvested on the 2nd – 3rd year after planting. The first harvest can bring the grape grower up to 25 kg from the bush. Homogeneous, juicy pulp has no seeds, acidity - 6.0 g / l, sugar content - up to 16%. The variety is frost-resistant, withstands frosts up to -23 ° C. Not afraid of direct sunlight (due to large foliage) and excess moisture, the berries do not crumble. It is resistant to major diseases of the culture, but needs preventative treatments. Prone to phylloxera, but is not attacked by wasps. The variety is bisexual, which does not require the intervention of a gardener for pollination.

Did you know? The tradition of crushing grapes with their feet is recognized by modern winemakers. It turns out that the method allows you to save whole bones, which adds a unique aroma and delicate delicate taste to the wine bouquet.

Grape use

Grapes "Century" is universal in application. In cooking, it is used:

• in fresh form;
• for the preparation of vegetable and fruit salads;
• as a filling for desserts;
• crush juice;
• produce wine;
• dried for making raisins.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The main advantage of the variety is its stable yield; during the season, you can get an additional crop from young stepchildren.

• Other benefits:
• early ripening;
• frost resistance;
• lack of peeling and cracking of berries;
• presentable appearance;
• excellent taste and aroma;
• lack of seeds and rudiments;
• immunity to many diseases (gray rot, mildew, oidium).

• Disadvantages of culture:
• exposure to phylloxera;
• short shelf life fresh.

How to plant grapes

Successful cultivation of a crop largely depends on the quality and composition of the soil on the site. The ideal option is chernozem, sandstones tend to freeze, which will destroy heat-loving grapes, and clay soil does not allow moisture and air to pass through well. Heavy soils are pre-fertilized and “diluted”:

a) loams (per m²):

• 2-3 buckets of river sand;
• 2 buckets of peat;
• 0, 5 buckets of compost;

b) sandy loam soil (per m²):

• 3 buckets of black soil;
• 1 bucket of peat;
• 4 kg of manure.

Did you know? According to the New Year’s tradition, in Spain, under the chiming clock, you need to eat 12 berries, one for each beat. You can make 12 wishes.

Choosing a landing place

For the vineyard choose flat or slightly elevated areas that are not flooded during the spring thaw. The location of groundwater, given the deep root system, is at least 2.5 m to the surface of the soil. The distance from the house and farm buildings or stone fences is at least 1.5 m. The rows of plantations are formed in the direction from south to north for maximum sun exposure.

Selection of seedlings

Planting is carried out by green and lignified cuttings. Criteria for choosing a healthy seedling:

• roots on the cut should be white;
• the presence of at least 3 root shoots (on green seedlings);
• the presence of a green branch up to 20 cm (in a lignified shank);
• bark of uniform color, without damage and suspicious spots and tubercles;
• the presence of 3-4 eyes, not peeling and not crumbling when touched.

Video: How to choose a grape seedling

Timing and landing scheme

In spring (April-May) and autumn (October) lignified cuttings are planted. In the summer (June-July) plant green vegetative shoots. Landing scheme and technology:

1. Before planting, the roots are shortened and disinfected, then dipped in clay mash.
2. The size of the pit is 80x80x80 cm.
3. The distance between the holes is up to 3 m.
4. At the bottom of the pit lay drainage (broken brick).
5. The earth that was excavated is mixed with fertilizers (humus - 3 buckets, potassium salt - 100 g, superphosphate - 200 g, wood ash - 2 kg).
6. The prepared mixture is partially poured into the drainage and spilled, it must be tamped to well sink.
7. A seedling is placed on a hill of land, spreading the roots and sprinkled with soil.

Care for the cultivar of raisins "Century"

Century is a fast-growing variety, therefore, in addition to standard care, it will need additional procedures.

Watering

The first spring watering depends on the amount of snow falling in winter: with a small amount of watering, they start in March, in snowy winter - in April. The soil is irrigated under the root of the bush so that moisture is distributed and absorbed evenly.

Find out how often you need to water the grapes in the summer.

The second watering is carried out about 3 weeks before flowering. During flowering, watering is not carried out, renewing it during the formation of berries. 1-2 weeks before harvesting, you should not water the plantation, so as not to reduce the percentage of sugars in the fruits.

After harvesting, the last watering is carried out so that in winter the land does not crack, damaging the root system of grapes. On a bush when watering, 1 bucket with a volume of 10 liters is enough.

Important! Water should be warm at room temperature, especially during the first spring irrigation. Cold water can cause root diseases.

Top dressing

In the first year of planting, enough fertilizer is introduced into the pit. Further, the feeding scheme is as follows:

a) spring:

• nitrogen - 50 g;
• superphosphate - 40 g;
• potassium salt - 30 g;

b) 3 weeks before flowering:

• slurry (10 kg / 20 l of water) diluted with water to a five-fold increase in volume;
• superphosphate - 20 g;
• potassium salt - 15 g;

c) stage of formation of ovaries:

• superphosphate - 50 g;
• wood ash - 250 g.

Top dressing is applied in liquid form, the indicated proportions of fertilizers are diluted in 10 liters of water, there is enough solution on the bush. Fertilize in pre-dug grooves in the trunk circle at a distance of 50 cm from the stem.

Shaping and trimming

"Century" is growing rapidly and is increasing many side shoots. For the formation of a variety bush, the fan method is recommended — cultivation in 4–6 sleeves. For the vines, vertical supports with several horizontal crossbars are installed. As they grow, the shoots are tied to a higher cross member. The method provides maximum ventilation of the bush and access of light to all parts of the vine.

The pruning method is average, that is, 6-8 eyes are left on the shoots. In the spring, weak and frozen shoots are removed. In autumn, all non-promising branches are removed.

During fruiting, the brush needs to be thinned out by removing small and damaged berries. This will allow the clusters to pour as much juice as possible, to evenly receive heat and lighting.

Diseases and Pests

The variety is resistant to grape diseases, but it still needs preventative treatments. Plants and the soil around them are treated with copper-containing preparations, for example 1% copper sulfate. Frequency of procedures:

• in the spring, after sanitary pruning;
• at the end of flowering;
• after harvesting.

With the disease, fungicides are used:

• Bactofit (from oidium), solution: 30 ml / 10 l (per m²) of water, a total of 3 spraying procedures every 7 days;
• "Vectra" (from mildew and gray rot), a solution of 2 ml / 10 l of water (per m²), the second procedure - after 2 weeks.

The main pests and measures to combat them:

• phylloxera - “Karbofos”, a packet of substance is diluted in 10 l of water, plantings are sprayed in the spring 3 weeks before flowering;
• leaflet - “Agravertin”, solution of 2 ml / 1 liter of water, bring up to 10 liters (1 liter of solution per 1 bush).

Wintering

The first 4 years after planting, the plants need shelter for the winter, in the future it is necessary to proceed from the climate conditions in the region. The vine for shelter is removed from the trellis and laid on the ground. The plant is covered with dry foliage and spruce branches. Additionally, you can install arcs and cover with agrofibre.

Important! It is not advisable to use an ordinary film for shelter, so that the shoots of grapes do not cross over under it. Grapes "Century" has earned the popularity of winegrowers, primarily for their high taste. The variety is productive and resistant to disease, caring for it is not particularly difficult.

Reviews

Kishmish Century showed a very powerful growth of shoots. The shoots are so thick, stocky, for comparison we put a matchbox. Very fruitful. Despite the fact that the bush only showed the first crop, the largest brush pulled up to 900 g. There were 7 grapes left. Maturing term at the level of Arcadia. The taste is harmonious with a light nutmeg. The berry flesh is dense, the skin is edible, there are no rudiments -1-2 class of seedlessness is confirmed. The color of the berries is yellow, when cream is overripe. The bush throws out a second crop on stepsons, which manages to Men sugar and hangs up zamorozkov.Yagody not crack, the mean disease resistance. carpowa.ir //forum.vinograd.info/showpost.php?p=207682&postcount=2