Pears are distributed practically all over the world and, depending on climatic conditions, have different varietal properties. Pakhkam, which will be discussed in the article, is an extremely heat-loving variety and enjoys well-deserved respect due to its external data and taste.

Pakham Pear Variety Description

The long-known Bartlett variety was developed by gardener Charles Peckham in 1890. The new plant received the name of its creator and is cultivated under this name. This fruit pear grows in South America (Chile, Argentina), Africa (South Africa) and Australia, where the best natural conditions exist for it. These countries are importers of most of these fruits.

Fruit Characteristics

The large fruits of the Pakham pear are oblong and irregular in shape and can weigh up to 200 grams. They have a green or yellowish-green color, smooth skin and cream or brown-cream flesh color. Small inclusions of fructose and sucrose in the pulp, with the general softness of the fruit, give it crisp properties. The palatability of the fruit is high, with a pronounced aroma, sweetness and juiciness.

Pros and cons of the variety

• The positive properties of the fruits are as follows:
• sweetness and lack of acid;
• high productivity and large sizes;
• excellent taste;
• transportability;
• ability to long storage.

• Negative traits are also available:
• poor frost resistance;
• high sugar content;
• weak immunity to diseases;
• susceptibility to pest attacks.

Pollination

Pakham is not a self-pollinated variety: without outside help, he will not be able to create an ovary. In the garden, you need other pears that can pollinate it. The best variety is Lubimarca Clapp, and Forest Beauty and Olivier de Serre also performed well.

Also pay attention to other summer pear varieties:

In the event that there are no natural pollinators in the garden, you can resort to artificial pollination with the help of special devices sold in garden shops.

Productivity

The first fruiting occurs in the fourth year after planting a seedling. First, several pears are tied and developed, which do not differ in special taste qualities. But next year, the young tree is able to please with quality fruits in the amount of one bucket.

Every year, the yield increases, and under good growing conditions and quality care, at 7-8 years, the pear can produce up to 150 kg of fruit. Did you know? Pears have been grown in Russia since the 16th century, and their active distribution occurred under the reign of Peter I. Then they began to conduct breeding to create frost-resistant varieties.

Calorie Pear Pakham

The fruits of the plant are an excellent dietary component in the menu for many diseases or for body shaping. For 100 grams of pulp, only 42–45 kcal.

The ratio of BZHU per 100 g is as follows:

• proteins - 0.7 g;
• fats - 0.2 g;
• carbohydrates - 11 g.

The benefits of consumption

A pear contains many useful elements, and some varieties, like Pakham, may surprise with their composition even against the background of other members of the family. Fruits contain vitamins A, B (B1, B2, B5, B6, B9), C, PP, as well as useful elements - potassium, calcium, iodine.

• The beneficial properties of plant flesh for the human body are as follows:
• detoxification and removal of heavy elements;
• normalization of the digestive tract due to the presence of insoluble fiber, high sugar content and a balanced taste;
• lowering cholesterol in blood vessels due to the large amount of pectin in the pulp;
• help with diseases of the thyroid gland - the removal of fluid from the body and accelerated absorption of iron;
• improved hemoglobin synthesis;
• strengthening immunity.

Planting and caring for Pakham

This rather capricious plant requires careful and quality care. In addition to the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region, this plant was not grown on the territory of the country, since its frost resistance is extremely low. There were independent attempts by gardeners to plant the sprout in a wild stock, but these manipulations did not bring significant success.

For planting, a seedling is selected that is 2 years old and about 1.5 m tall. The plant needs to be checked so that its branches are flexible, and the roots are whole, straight and not tangled.

Landing is carried out in April or October according to this scheme:

• preparing a pit 60–80 cm deep and 100 cm in diameter;
• Manure and light soil are introduced into the pit, watering is carried out (2-3 liters of water);
• the root system of the selected seedling is placed for 12 hours in a solution of a growth stimulator (“Heteroauxin” or “Kornevin”);
• the tree is planted in a prepared hole, while it is necessary to carefully straighten the roots;
• the pit falls asleep, is slightly rammed around the stem;
• abundant watering around the trunk into the root zone is made - up to 20 liters of water.

After planting, the plant must be left alone for one or two days, so that it takes root in a new place. Seedlings of the variety in question can settle down in a day and feel normal. Important! When planting on sandy soils, it is necessary to lay a clay layer on the bottom of the pit and compact it. The substrate for the pit consists of imported land mixed with organic fertilizers.

Care Features

Caring for a seedling that has taken root differs little from others, except that you should focus on watering, since the plant is hygrophilous and grows in a dry southern climate.

Watering and feeding

It is necessary to water a new resident of the garden regularly, and after drying the earth, it is loosened and mulched with straw, dry foliage or brushwood. When planting in late spring or summer, you need to water the seedling sparingly, but daily. The next year after planting, you can start feeding a young plant.

Fertilizers are applied as follows:

• spring - liquid mineral top dressing;
• summer - nitrogen and phosphorus preparations;
• autumn - nitrogen;
• pre - winter - potash and phosphorus fertilizers.

Pruning

Pruning and crown formation is done from the very beginning of the growth of the tree. Its branches are constantly inspected and checked for kinks and possible diseases. The lower tier of the crown is laid during 1-2 years of growth. During this period, a stamb is formed and thickening shoots are removed.

In subsequent years, the upper part of the crown is formed and updated. Pruning is done in early spring or late fall, so that the tree does not get stress. Every few years, an adult tree is updated - old shoots are removed, young ones are shortened, leaving several main promising branches. Weak side branches are pruned at any age of the tree.

Whitewash

Almost all the trees in the garden are whitewashed, since the spring sun burns the plant that has not awakened after the winter. But the delicate pears of Pakham especially require this procedure: upon receipt of a sunburn, cracking of the bark is possible, which provides shelter for pests.

Whitewashing is done in spring and autumn with a purchased solution or a self-prepared composition.

Important! Before whitewashing, the trunk must be cleaned with a metal brush from growths, lichen, dead pieces of bark.

The following ingredients are needed to make the mixture:

• water - 10 l;
• lime - 2.5 kg;
• copper sulfate - 0.5 kg;
• PVA glue (or carpentry) - 0.5 l.

All components are thoroughly mixed and aged for 2-3 hours. After that, the composition is applied with a dense brush or roller to the stem to the first branch.

Winter preparations

Given the poor resistance of the tree to frost, it must be carefully prepared for possible frosts, even in the southern regions.

The order of work is as follows:

• loosen the near-barrel irrigation pit, remove all weeds;
• the tree is abundantly watered, and after soaking, the pericarp circle is loosened again;
• the trunk is wrapped with paper or cardboard, which is strengthened with ropes or thin tape;
• the soil is mulched with straw, scraps of paper, fallen dry foliage, needles, brushwood or agrofabric.

In the spring, when the threat of night frost passes, the tree is opened and watered.

Read also about the features of transplanting pears in the fall to a new place.

Diseases and Pests

Pakham is susceptible to disease, so preventive measures need to be given a lot of time and attention. With good care, the likelihood of serious illnesses can be minimized.

The following diseases and pests bother the plant the most:

1. Fruit rot (moniliosis) is a fungal disease whose spores are carried by wind and insects. Rot affects fruit, leaves and branches of a pear. To combat it, the plant is sprayed with antifungal agents "Chorus", "Strobi" or the like.
   

2. Scab - attacks leaves and fruits, making them lifeless and numb. It is important to recognize the disease in time and remove the already affected fruits so that the scab does not spread to healthy ones. The tree is treated with Bordeaux fluid.
   

3. Black cancer . It manifests itself in the form of a whole network of cracks in the bark of branches and trunk. The disease is not treated, the affected branches are cut 2-3 cm above the beginning of the affected area, taken out of the area and burned.
   

Constant attention in the garden to its inhabitants is the best preventive measure in the fight against possible diseases. Foliage, branches, flowers and fruits should be constantly examined to notice pathology at an early stage. In the form of prevention, trees can be sprayed with “Karbofos” or another suitable insecticide.

Did you know? The largest pear fruit was grown in Japan: gardeners removed a fruit weighing about 3 kg from a tree.

Harvesting and storage

Pear Pakham belongs to the varieties with good preservation and transportation. These solid massive fruits can endure long transport and retain their appearance and nutritional qualities.

Fruits are removed from the tree a few days before ripening so that the stem is preserved and the place of its connection with the fruit is not damaged. After this, the pears are sorted by size, ripeness and quality and placed in wooden or plastic boxes. At the same time, they need to be shifted in layers of paper.

Crates with pears are well stored in a dark, cool and dry room without sudden changes in temperature for two or more months. The variety of Pakham, with all its remarkable qualities, has not in vain gained popularity around the world. These beautiful and tasty pears are a source of strength for a person and a matter of concern for gardeners.