Pear May Day - a famous variety of winter ripening, which is actively grown in different regions of Russia. It has a lot of positive characteristics, but in order to minimize the likelihood of negative manifestations, it is important to know how to plant and care for fruit trees in your area. So what are the features of this variety and what you should know about the intricacies of its cultivation - read on.

Variety breeding history

Pear May Day - the result of crossing varieties of the Daughter of Dawn and Late Mosvir. He got breeders GNU VNIIG and SPR them. I.V. Michurina, and the authors of the new fruit tree include Yakovlev S.P., Gribanovsky A.P., Savelyev N.I. and Chivilev V.V. Since 2002, the pear has been recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth region, but in fact trees are planted in other parts of the Russian Federation.

Did you know? In Chinese, the expression “fen li” has two meanings: “share the pear” and “leave”, so just in case, people try not to share this fruit with others.

Description and characteristics of the variety

For each gardener, the main criterion for choosing fruit trees is the abundance of the future harvest and the characteristics of the tree itself. Therefore, before turning to the issue of planting Pervomaiskaya pear, it is worth paying attention to the external data of the tree and fruits, the timing of its flowering and fruiting, as well as their susceptibility to the main ailments and pests of fruit crops.

Appearance

Variety trees are medium-sized and in the adult state reach a height of 6-7 m. Crohn is of a pyramidal shape, but narrow, of medium density. Shoots are straight, brown, with conical buds. All branches are considered fruiting. The dark green leaf plates located on them are always round, with a smooth surface.

Features of the fruit

Pear fruit - standard pear-shaped (narrowed at the base and widened at the other end). The length of one fruit is about 10 cm, and weighs 150 g. The surface of the green-yellow peel is smooth, with a dense wax coating.

With intense exposure to sunlight, a slight pink color is possible on one side, but most often, even when picked, the pears do not have a blush. The juicy creamy flesh under the skin is medium-dense, semi-oily, with a small amount of granular inclusions. It tastes sour-sweet, with a strong aroma slightly resembling peach or pineapple.

The bitterness and acid in the taste are completely absent, which is probably why the fruits of the Pervomaiskaya pear deserved a high tasting score of 4.2 points. Ripe fruits have a universal purpose and can be consumed both fresh and heat-treated in the preparation of salads, preserves and baby food.

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The timing of flowering and fruiting

Pervomayskaya pear flowering, most often, occurs at the end of May, and in the northern regions it can only begin in June. The fruiting of the pear is relatively late, so the first harvest is removed only for 5-6 years after planting seedlings. Harvesting is carried out in mid-October, because it is during this period that the fruits reach full removable maturity.

Fruiting is stable and intense, so 40-60 kg of fruit can be obtained from adult trees of a ten-year-old age. The variety belongs to self-fertile varieties, which means that there is no urgent need for planting pollinators, however, if you plant other varieties on the site (for example, Dessert or Yakimovskaya), then the yield will only increase.

Grade stability

Pervomaiskaya pear variety is excellent for growing in central Russia, as it has good frost resistance (can withstand frosts to -20 ... -25 ° C). High and resistance to scab and fruit rot, so that trees rarely suffer from these ailments. True, resistance to bacteriosis is not so well developed and gardeners often have to deal with it.

Did you know? A pear was not always called a pear. In the XVII century in the territory of Ancient Russia, such fruits were called "duli", from the Polish "dula". Of course, today this word has a completely different meaning.

Pros and cons of the variety

Having studied all the features of the Pervomaiskaya pear variety, it is easy to determine its main advantages and disadvantages.

• The first group includes such characteristics:
• comparative compactness of the crown;
• the possibility of long-term storage (up to 8 months);
• good frost resistance and high immunity to scab;
• high palatability and presentation of plucked fruits;
• self-fertility.

Among the minuses of cultivation, one can note only a small granulation of pulp, average resistance to powdery mildew and rot, as well as the large size of the tree itself, which complicates the process of caring for the pear.

Agricultural technology planting seedlings

Pear growing begins with planting seedlings on the site, for which each gardener tries to choose the most suitable time and place. In addition, it is important to properly prepare the site and organize the landing holes, filling them with a nutrient substrate, which also has its own characteristics.

Dates for boarding

When growing Pervomaiskaya pear in the middle lane, you can plant seedlings on your site in mid-March.

In the northern regions, this period is slightly shifted to the beginning or even mid-April, when the soil warms up to comfortable + 5 ... + 7 ° C. Autumn planting is allowed in the southern regions, but even there gardeners prefer to choose the spring months.

How to choose quality seedlings for planting

When choosing a seedling of May Day pear, always pay attention to its age. Two-year-olds take root much better, because they have a higher resistance to diseases and sharp weather changes.

Important! If during storage, the roots are slightly faded, a few hours before landing in the planting hole, they should be soaked in warm water.

Of course, the selected young plant should not have any signs of disease or the presence of pests, and the root system of any quality seedling will always be resilient and well developed, with a large number of long roots, up to 20–25 cm each.

Preparing a place and pit for landing

A sunny and warm place for spring planting of seedlings begins to be prepared in the fall, removing all plant debris and foliage, fertilizing (5-6 kg of humus per 1 m²) and level area.

With the advent of spring, a few weeks before the procedure, you should dig out the landing pit itself, the ideal dimensions of which correspond to 45 cm of depth and 70 cm of diameter. To fertilize the substrate, one bucket of compost, pre-mixed with the removed soil, is poured into the hole.

The further process of planting a seedling involves the implementation of standard actions:

1. Place the pear seedling in the center of the hole and install a support peg.
2. Soil rhizomes with soil (so that there is no airy space between adjacent roots).
3. Soil compaction in the near-stem circle and abundant watering of a young plant.

The planting scheme for the Pervomaiskaya pear is no more than one plant per 1 m², although it is better to leave 2-3 m of free space between adjacent copies.

Care Features

For normal development and abundant fruiting, May Day pear trees need timely and plentiful watering, the optimal amount of nutrients, regular loosening of the soil in the near-stem circle and seasonal pruning of the crown.

Soil care

Pear trees are usually not very sensitive to weeds, however, in the first few years after planting a young seedling, weeds can obscure it, thereby limiting the necessary sun exposure.

The best time to remove excess vegetation in the near-stem circle is a few days after the next irrigation, when the water has already absorbed into the soil, making it soft and supple.

See also how pears can be propagated.

Under such conditions, it is easiest to pluck weeds without leaving parts of the rhizome in the ground. At the end of the harvest, it remains only to loosen the soil in the near-stem circle (to a depth of about 10 cm) and, if necessary, mulch it with a 5-centimeter layer of soil, which will help maintain optimal moisture for a long time.

Fertilizer and watering scheme

Young pear seedlings need watering more often than adult plants, therefore, in the first few years, in the summer, they are watered with a regularity of once a week, not forgetting to focus on weather conditions.

Five-year-old and older trees moisturize once every two or three weeks, pouring under each of them 15–20 liters of warm liquid. The best time to complete the procedure is early in the morning, when the probability of rapid evaporation of moisture and the formation of a crust on the surface of the soil is lowest.

Pears are fertilized only twice during the entire growing season: at the beginning of flowering plants with a solution of potassium sodium (20-30 g of mineral matter per bucket of water) and during fruiting with the use of superphosphate (40 g of the substance is dissolved in 10 l of water). In the first case, under one plant, you need to pour 4 liters of the finished solution, and in the second - 8 liters of mineral liquid top dressing.

Crown shaping and trimming

Pervomayskaya pear trees naturally have a neat crown, so pruning is done twice a season: in spring and autumn. Important! In order to prevent infection of the tree with various ailments and to contribute to its faster recovery after the procedure, it is better to immediately cover the places of cuts with garden var.

In early March, all diseased, frozen and broken branches are removed from pears, and in October, the crown is thinned, removing irregularly growing crooked shoots and adjusting the height of the plant (the top of the central part is pinched).

Protection from the cold and preparing for winter

When growing Pervomaiskaya pear in the central part of the Russian Federation, it rarely needs winter shelter, mainly only to young plants in the first year after planting (especially in autumn). In the future, the trees tolerate temperature drops well in this area and do not suffer from frost.

In the northern regions, the situation is slightly different, therefore, at stable temperatures below -30 ° C, it makes sense to cover shtamb with spruce branches, warm snow or wrap trunks with artificial materials (for example, spandex).

Video: pear seedling preparation for winter

Disease and Pest Prevention

The standard preventive measures during the cultivation of Pervomaiskaya pear are control of soil moisture and its saturation with nutrients, which will be enough to maintain the health of pear trees. In the fight against possible bacteriosis, it is especially important to use a Bordeaux mixture, a solution of which (2 ml per bucket of water) is sprayed with plants at the end of flowering.

Of the insects, the variety is usually harmed by beetles and moths, for which colloidal sulfur (40 g per 10 l) and a manganese solution (3 g per bucket of water) are used. In both cases, the working mixture is poured into the spray gun and the crown is treated by spraying it.

Read more on how to deal with pear pests.

In general, the Pervomaiskaya pear variety can be called problem-free in terms of cultivation, and if you also take into account the high taste properties of the fruit, then it can really be attributed to the most suitable options for growing in the central part of the Russian Federation.