Blackcurrant Detskoselskaya: characteristics of the variety and features of cultivation

Blackcurrant is one of the best products for combating spring vitamin deficiency. The berry contains most vitamins and minerals, allowing you to recover after winter. To be able to eat fresh, environmentally friendly fruits every day, it is better to grow currants in your own garden. The article discusses the features of agricultural technology varieties Detskoselskaya.

Grade description

Currant Detskoselskaya is characterized by compact bushes that fit perfectly into any landscape design of the site. Moreover, planting and growing a culture is not difficult even for a novice gardener.

Selection history

Detskoselskaya black currant was bred at the State Agrarian University (LSI) of St. Petersburg due to pollination of the Vystavochnaya variety mixed with pollen of two varieties: Chernaya Lysavenko and Stakhanovka Altai. The breeders F. Dobrin and E. Glebov worked on the creation of Detskoselskaya.

By 1991, steady characteristics were achieved, and the variety was added to the State Register of varieties approved for use in the East Siberian, Central Black Earth, Central, Northern, North-Western, Volga-Vyatka, Mid-Volga regions.

Appearance, characteristics of berries, ripening time, yield

Black currant Detskoselskaya belongs to the varieties of medium early ripening. The bush is semi-spreading, of medium density and height - up to 1.2 m. Lignified root shoots are thick, straight, light brown in color with a characteristic sheen. Young branches of medium thickness, straight, slightly bent to the apex, green with a slight edge.

The leaves are five-lobed, leathery, dark green with a slight bluish tint. The base of the leaf is heart-shaped, the middle lobe is elongated, the basal ones are widely bent. The teeth are sharp and shallow. The kidneys are poorly defined, red. Berries, black, large (1–1.4 g), round and round-oval, shiny. They are characterized by dry separation and high keeping quality. The taste is sweet and delicate. Fruits grow in brushes of 8-10 pcs. on long stalks up to 8 cm. The total yield is high: 1.8–2.6 kg from one bush.

Did you know? Unripe berries of blackcurrant are several times more vitamin C than ripe ones.

According to the description of the chemical composition, the berries contain:

The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness, early maturity and self-fertility, medium resistance to fungal diseases.

  • dry substances - 16.2–20.9%;
  • sugars (including glucose, fructose) - 9.6–13.2%;
  • free acids - 2–3.2%;
  • ascorbic acid - 165.0–252.0 mg / 100 g.

Advantages and disadvantages

  • The advantages of the Detskoselskaya variety include:
  • excellent taste (5 out of 5);
  • dry separation of berries;
  • good storage and transportability;
  • resistance to powdery mildew;
  • high winter hardiness, self-fertility and early maturity.

  • Among the shortcomings are:
  • non-simultaneous ripening of berries, both on the bush and in the brush;
  • renal mite instability.

Agricultural technology

The agricultural technology of Detskoselskaya blackcurrant is quite simple: to plant correctly, to water three times a season, to weed on time, to fertilize and dig up the soil in winter - this is all that is required to obtain a high yield.

Important! With constant contact of the roots of currants with water, they begin to rot, and the bush dies.

Seat selection and landing

The main thing in growing black currant Detskoselskaya is to choose the right place and soil for planting. Recommendations:

  1. The site should be flat, without significant bumps and depressions.
  2. Currants should receive the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day. She easily tolerates the sun, but in the shade the berries grow small and sour.
  3. Culture loves drought more than excess moisture. It should not be planted in wetlands, in areas prone to prolonged spring floods or closely lying groundwater.
  4. Plants do not like drafts and strong winds. It is necessary to choose the most “comfortable” place.
  5. Currant grows well and bears fruit on light fertile loams and chernozem. If the soil on the site is sandy or clay, it is better to prepare the composition of the soil under the seedling yourself.

The best time for planting cuttings is the beginning of October. In this case, the seedling manages to take root before frost. During the winter, the soil settles, compacts, in the spring the bush throws out buds on time and the next year it can give the first small crop. During spring planting, young bushes this year are late in development.

Blackcurrant is a quick crop . Already from a two-year-old plant you can get a good harvest. To do this, seedlings need to start for growth in the form of proper planting, fertilizer and watering.

Did you know? Currant is one of the few crops that can be planted even in summer. With good watering, most cuttings take root.

Begin planting seedlings with the preparation of the site. First, it is leveled, removing all weeds, along with the roots. Then, fertilizers are leveled on the surface of the soil, based on 10 kg of manure, 0.3 kg of phosphate rock, 0.1 kg of potassium chloride per 1 m². At the end, the soil is dug up with the formation turning to the depth of the shovel bayonet. Thus, fertilizers are evenly distributed in the ground.

After preparing the site, begin to prepare the holes:

  • the distance between the bushes is 1.2–1.5 m;
  • the distance between the rows is 2 m;
  • the diameter of the holes is 50-60 cm;
  • the depth of the holes is 35–40 cm.

When the holes are ready, they are half filled with fertile soil, from which the mound is formed. To prepare such soil, the earth is mixed with a bucket of compost or humus, 150-200 g of superphosphate and 30-40 g of wood ash.

Planting material is sorted out, discarding dried and inflexible specimens. Only those who already have 3-5 skeletal lignified roots with a length of at least 15–20 cm and 2–3 root shoots of 30–40 cm in length are selected.

Suitable seedlings are set on the mound, distributing the roots evenly throughout the hole, and pour a bucket of water. Then they fall asleep with earth, deepening the root collar 8-10 cm below the soil. New skeletal basal shoots will grow from buried buds in spring. After once again watered abundantly, trample the soil. The soil around the plant is mulched with peat or humus.

Important! If the soil is poorly compacted during planting, and voids remain around the roots, a fungus will begin to develop in them, which often leads to the death of the plant.

Care

Care for blackcurrant Detskoselskaya provides for periodic watering and top dressing.

You need to water the bushes three times during the growing season:

  • in early April for active shoot growth;
  • at the end of May, so that large berries are tied and poured;
  • in late October to form buds for the next season and prepare for winter.

If the summer is very dry, you can water more often. It is important to ensure that the bushes are not jammed. Water the plants with the root method. Since the diameter of the root system corresponds to the diameter of the crown, an irrigation trench is dug around its circumference to a depth of 8-10 cm. 2 buckets of water are poured into the moat and wait until it settles. After instill and mulch.

Bushes feed in the fall. For this, a bucket of peat, dung or humus and 0.5 l of wood ash are scattered under the bush. Then the earth is dug up to a depth of 8-10 cm with turning the reservoir.

Pest and Disease Control

The immunity of the variety of currant is Detskoselskaya is average, therefore, with improper care, it can be exposed to some diseases. But, do not rush to use "chemistry".

Learn more about treating currant scab.

In most cases, it is enough to follow elementary rules to prevent the development of diseases:

  1. Cutting cuttings need only with a healthy young bush . When buying seedlings, it is important to ensure that there are no signs of disease, because most of them are transmitted through planting material.
  2. It is important in the spring and throughout the growing season to inspect the bushes, paying attention to any color changes or deformation of branches, leaves, buds, flowers, fruits - all this can be signs of diseases or pests.
  3. Fallen leaves must be carefully collected and burned, since insect larvae winter in them, and fungal spores form, which in the spring can affect the plant.
  4. If in winter the ground was covered with something under a bush, it must be cleaned in the spring (the reason is the same).
  5. No need to get involved in fertilizers . Excess nitrogen-containing drugs can cause infections.

Black currant is susceptible to infection by only two types of viruses: terry and striped mosaic. They are transmitted only through slices (inoculation of a diseased petiole or pruning of a healthy bush after a patient with the same tool). There are no methods to combat these viruses. It is very important to uproot a diseased plant completely and burn it away from the garden to prevent the spread of the disease to its other inhabitants.

See also how to use urea to treat currants.

Fungal infections in the early stages can be easily treated with copper sulfate solution. It is diluted in a proportion of 100 g of powder per 10 liters of water and shrubs are sprayed.

Currant fungi include:

  1. Rust . Appears on the back of the leaf in the form of red tubercles. It can occur only in swamps where sedge grows.

  2. White spotting (septoria) . It appears brown spots on the leaves, which darken over time, retaining a white border. If left untreated, the leaves will dry out and fall off.

  3. Anthracnose . Yellow-green spots on the leaves, which eventually turn brown and increase in size, gradually spreading to branches and berries. Long-term illness leads to falling leaves and fruits.

Of the insects, the biggest currant lover is a kidney tick. He settles inside the kidneys and sucks them. Sick plants are determined by the swollen-rounded shape of the buds in early spring, from which small deformed leaves later grow. All branches with infected buds must be carefully cut and burned. With a total defeat of the plant, it is completely uprooted.

In order to prevent the appearance of a kidney tick, currant plantations are planted with garlic and onions. In addition, in spring and autumn, the bushes are sprayed with a tincture of 150 g of garlic and 10 l of water.

Important! To prevent the appearance of other insects, at the beginning of the growing season, the plants are poured with boiling water from a watering can with fine spraying.

According to gardeners, the following pests sometimes attack currants:

  • currant glass;
  • shoot aphid;
  • a firegun;
  • berry sawfly;
  • gall midge;
  • spider mite;
  • kidney moth;
  • currant goldfish;
  • scale shield.

To destroy insects that have already appeared, use insecticides.

Trimming and shaping a bush

Pruning black currant Detskoselskaya produce in early spring, before the onset of swelling of the kidneys.

Did you know? The tops of the shoots on the currant can be cut, then there will be more side branches.

In the first year after planting, all shoots are shortened, leaving up to 5 buds on each to ensure active lateral branching. In the second, third and fourth year, all the small shoots around the bush are cut, leaving no more than 4 strong branches annually. Thus, by year 5, the plant forms a skeleton of 15–20 strong basal shoots.

Starting from the age of 6, the plant needs anti-aging pruning. It provides for the removal of the oldest shoots and replacing them with new ones. Damaged, dried up, diseased and deformed branches and small shoots are cut annually.

Fig. 1. Currant pruning: a - annual seedling; b - a biennial bush; c, d - shortening of shoots. Fig. 2. Currant bush before anti-aging pruning (a), after it (b) and pruning of a neglected bush (c).

Wintering

The Detskoselskaya currant overwinters in latitudes where the temperature does not fall below –40 ° C without additional shelter. It is only important to protect the flowers from spring frost, since currants bloom very early at an average daily temperature of + 8 ... + 12 ° С. If frost is foreseen, the site is covered with heaps of brushwood. Before dawn, they set fire to them and fumigate the plantation until it gets warmer.

Learn also about the benefits of currant buds.

Harvesting and storage of crops

The berries of the black currant Detskoselskaya do not ripen in unison, so the harvest is stretched over time. Every 2-3 days you need to inspect the bush and pick ripened fruits. Harvested on sunny days no earlier than 10 a.m. when dew completely subsided.

For berries to be well stored, they must be completely dry.

The variety is characterized by a dry margin, so you do not need to pinch off the fruits together with the stalks. The same characteristic significantly increases the shelf life of berries. If they are laid in the shade in one layer, the berries can lie for no more than 10 days. If you lower the temperature to + 12 ° C and maintain optimal humidity, the shelf life is extended to 2 weeks.

In airtight containers without moisture and air in the refrigerator, currants are stored for up to 2 months. The Detskoselskaya variety can delight gardeners with sweet large berries for more than a dozen years. It is only necessary to fertilize, water and crop plants on time.

Interesting Articles