Apple-tree variety Ulyanischev's memory: description and detailed description, cultivation features

Apple-tree The memory of Ulyanischev brings tasty and beautiful fruits in many gardens of the country. The history and features of the variety are discussed below, as well as basic information about growing the crop.

Origin of the variety

The described variety was created at the Rossoshanskaya fruit and berry station (Voronezh region) at the end of the 20th century. The genetic material of the American Welsey variety, known since 1860, and the Kandil Chinese identified the characteristic features of the tree and fruits.

The name is given in memory of the outstanding breeder and founder of the station, M. M. Ulyanischev (1894–1972). An apple tree was added to the State Register in 2004 and approved for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region.

Description and distinguishing features of the variety

The memory of Ulyanischev is classified as late autumn (in the State Register) or winter (according to VNIISPK) variety, whose fruits reach maturity in mid or late September (depending on the region).

Tree and crown morphology

This apple tree has an average height of growth and reaches 3.5 m, gaining them quickly enough.

The tree has such features:

  • the crown is sparse, round;
  • shoots are red-brown, grow weakly;
  • leaves are large, green, with a wavy edge;
  • fruiting on the gloves, a little on the spears and fruit twigs.

Did you know? The Rossoshanskaya horticulture station appeared in 1936 from an ordinary personal plot where physics and chemistry teacher M. M. Ulyanischev had been growing apples and apricots since 1925. He received the first trees from seeds and seeds of fruits purchased at the market and found in the surrounding villages .

The tree quickly bears fruiting, in the 4th year after planting, and in 5 years brings an average of 84 kg of apples. Winter hardiness is high, according to breeders, even at -32 ° C the tree has no damage. Resistance to scab is average, in years with high humidity, the degree of damage is estimated at 3 points.

Apple description

Consumer qualities of apples of this variety are the main reason for its attractiveness:

  • large size, weight about 230 g;
  • oblong, oval-conical shape;
  • peel with a blurry solid raspberry blush;
  • pulp of white color, juicy;
  • the taste is excellent, with a pronounced aroma, sweet and sour.

During the tasting, the apples received a score of 4.8 points. The average shelf life is 4–5 months.

Agricultural engineering planting and site preparation

The influence of the choice of quality seedlings and the proper planting on the fate of the orchard is difficult to overestimate. Particular attention should be paid to guarantees of varietal compliance, for which it is advisable to purchase planting material in a reliable nursery or garden center.

Landing time

Apple trees can be planted both in autumn and spring. For regions with short autumn warmth and severe frosts, it is better not to test the seedling immediately after planting, especially for varieties with low winter hardiness. Such trees are best planted in the spring.

The memory of Ulyanischev has high endurance, so it is quite suitable for autumn planting. At this time, it is also easier to find the desired variety, and in spring the tree will immediately begin to develop.

Important! Autumn planting should be carried out so that the apple tree has 2 to 3 weeks for rooting before persistent frost.

How to choose the right seedlings

One of the most important points in choosing a seedling is the stock issue on which the selected variety is grafted.

The qualities of the stock significantly affect how the future apple tree grows:

  • vegetative rootstocks will not allow the tree to grow strongly, their root system is not so deep and they are able to grow at a higher level of groundwater. However, this species is characterized by a shorter life span (up to 30 years, and in dwarf ones - not more than 20), less winter hardiness and low anchor;
  • seed stock will provide the tree with a long life and maximum growth for this variety, high yield and frost resistance. The tree begins to bear fruit later, and its root system goes deep down and requires a groundwater level of no higher than 3 m.

You can learn in more detail how to choose the right apple tree seedling.

When examining a specific instance, you should make sure of its health, as evidenced by the following signs:

  • developed root system;
  • the absence of damage, cracks and signs of disease on the bark of the trunk and branches;
  • the vaccination site should be visible and well-tightened with bark.

If autumn is chosen for planting, the seedling should already drop the foliage. In this case, the root system of the plant will be able to use all the forces of the tree for engraftment.

Optimal landing site

The place for the apple tree should be brightly lit and not blown by cold winds. It is advisable to place the tree on a hill. To choose the right stock, you need to know the groundwater level. For medium-sized varieties Pamyat Ulyanischev adhere to the planting scheme 4 × 4 m.

Check out

Features of planting apple trees

The soil for the apple tree should be neutral, therefore, with an increased level of acidity, liming should be carried out. The preparation of the pit for spring planting is carried out in the fall, and for the fall - about a month earlier.

During this time, the soil will have time to settle and the decomposition of added fertilizers will begin. The average depth of the pit is 70 cm, while its total volume should correspond to the size and type of the root system of the seedling.

In the soil on each tree should be made:

  • 2-3 buckets of humus;
  • 1-2 cups of superphosphate;
  • 4 tbsp. tablespoons of potassium sulfate and 8 tbsp. tablespoons of ash.

Step-by-step landing process

Immediately before planting, you should check the condition of the roots, cut dried areas and place the seedling overnight in a bucket of water.

It’s better to plant a tree together. In addition to the shovel, you need to prepare a peg 1.5-1.8 m long, which will serve as a support for the tree. You can make a stake from walnut or linden wood, as a medium-sized apple tree will be needed only in the first few years.

The landing process consists of the following steps:

  1. A peg is placed in the center of the pit, around which a hill of earth is poured.
  2. The tree is placed on the north side of the peg, spreading the roots evenly on the hill.
  3. They fill the hole with soil, compacting it with a slight shaking of the seedling.
  4. A planted tree should have a root neck protruding above the ground by 5–10 cm, and if the pit is fresh - by 10–15 cm.
  5. Water the tree with 3 buckets of water. If the soil shrinks below the desired level, the earth should be added.
  6. With a rope or twine, the seedling is tied to a driven peg.
  7. The trunk circle is mulched with hay, mowed grass or peat.

Landing Rules

A young apple tree requires increased gardener attention, and for an adult tree, it is most important to carry out pruning, top dressing and processing in time.

Watering

In the first year after planting, the tree needs monthly watering (about 3-4 buckets), and if the season turned out to be arid and hot, then the seedling should be moistened every week.

Important! You can calculate the number of buckets of water for an adult apple tree from the proportion of 1 bucket for 1 year of the tree's life.

For the fruiting apple tree, the following stages of water intake (by natural means or by irrigation) are important:

  • during swelling of the kidneys;
  • 3 weeks after flowering;
  • one month before harvesting;
  • during the fall season.

Water the tree should be according to the diameter of the projection of the crown, and not just under the trunk, because the small roots that absorb moisture, are located in this way.

Feeding Schemes

It is necessary to distinguish between top dressing of trees that have not yet begun bearing fruit and apple trees that are already bearing crops.

For the first group, it is recommended to follow this scheme:

  • the first feeding is done at the very beginning of spring, spilling the tree with a urea solution (2 tbsp.spoons per 10 liters of water);
  • in late spring, it is better to carry out foliar treatment with a solution of "sodium humate" or "Ideal" (1 tbsp.spoon per bucket of water);
  • in September, fertilizer is again applied under the root in the form of a solution of superphosphate (2 tbsp.spoons per bucket of water).

For an adult apple tree, they are guided by a different work calendar:

  • in early spring, to enhance the vegetation, urea is used, which can be scattered on moist soil and sprinkled or diluted with water beforehand (total amount of the substance is 200–500 g, depending on the age of the tree);
  • before flowering, shed the roots with an infusion of a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate (50 g / 80 g / 100 g, respectively, in 20 l of water, withstand a week);
  • during the formation of the ovary, immediately after flowering, a solution of 2 g of "sodium humate" and 100 g of nitrophoska per 20 l of water is suitable;
  • after collecting fruits, a bucket of humus, 300 g of potassium sulfate and 300 g of superphosphate are dug in by the diameter of the trunk circle.

Did you know? The birth of a child in Germany was accompanied earlier by the obligatory planting of an apple tree. The tree symbolized the future of man, and his growth was considered a prediction of fate.

Loosening and weed control

Loosening the trunk circle is performed after making root dressings and irrigation. After that, the area under the tree is filled with mulch, which not only retains moisture, but also prevents the growth of weeds. Emerging weeds should be destroyed immediately so that they do not pick up nutrients.

Preventative treatment

Using several simple agricultural techniques, you can significantly reduce the population of harmful insects and pathogens of various diseases.

The most effective are:

  • digging the area of ​​the trunk circle in the autumn;
  • collection of fallen sick fruits and the destruction of those that rotted and hang on branches;
  • cleaning and disinfection of the bark on the trunk and skeletal branches, followed by whitewashing;
  • sanitary pruning of the crown;
  • cleaning vegetable debris from under the tree.

Read more about the features of processing apple trees from pests and diseases.

For preventive purposes, spraying of the apple tree with special preparations is also used according to the following schedule:

  • at the very beginning of spring, immediately after trimming, the trunk and crown are treated with Bordeaux liquid or a solution of vitriol and urea;
  • after swelling of the kidneys, the effective use of drugs such as Chorus, Aktara, Biotlin, etc.
  • at the stage of the “pink cone”, when the tips of the buds appeared, it is recommended to spray with the preparations “Rayok”, “Skor”, Biofarm “Fitoverm”;
  • when the fruits that have set are already noticeable (“pea-shaped”), you can comprehensively treat the tree with Fitolavin, Aliot and similar preparations according to the instructions;
  • In the fall, after leaf fall, the tree is protected by the Bison, Skor, or Bordeaux mixture. This treatment is the prevention of powdery mildew, various rot and scab. Each season, the drug is recommended to be changed.

Cropping and shaping the crown

In the year of planting, the apple tree is immediately cut to a height of about 100 cm. If the seedling already has skeletal branches, they are shortened to 40 cm, and the central trunk is left at a height of 60–80 cm.

In the second spring, 3-5 shoots are selected for skeletal branches, whose angle of connection with the trunk should be as close as possible to the straight line. Pruning is carried out with the principle of subordination, when the upper branches are left 25-30 cm shorter than the lower ones. The central conductor should rise above the rest by 4 kidneys.

Important! During autumn planting, the tree is not cut, and the formation of the crown begins in the spring.

In subsequent years, the crown is formed by the following methods:

  • the central trunk is constantly shortened, cutting out emerging competitive shoots;
  • vertical tops, root shoots and intersecting shoots are cut out;
  • remove branches at an acute angle to the trunk and those that are directed inside the crown.

Protection from the cold and preparing for winter

Preparing a tree for winter includes a number of measures and treatments that are designed to protect the tree from harsh environmental conditions and possible damage by pests.

In addition to the autumn dressings and water-charging irrigation listed in other sections, you should perform the following actions:

  • before the onset of frost, additionally mulch the near-stem circle with a layer of peat or other organic matter;
  • to whiten the trunk and the base of skeletal branches with special rodent repellents. White color will also protect the tree from frost pits, which often form during thaws;
  • young seedlings are additionally wrapped with roofing paper, roofing material, spruce branches or other suitable material.

We recommend that you familiarize yourself in more detail with effective ways to protect apple trees in winter from hares, mice and other rodents.

Harvesting and storage of crops

Remove fruits should be in dry weather. When harvesting and transporting apples, the Memory of Ulyanischev requires careful treatment. Only the best specimens are suitable for storage, so the most healthy fruits are selected during sorting, and they are also divided by size. Large apples will deteriorate faster, so they should be stored separately from medium or small ones.

Most often, the crop is stored in boxes made of plastic or wood. Fruits should be laid with the stalk up or slightly to the side, and between the layers pour wood sawdust or lay paper. If there is time and material, each apple can be wrapped in a sheet of paper.

The best storage conditions include the following:

  • temperature - 0 ... + 1 ° C, not higher than + 6 ° C;
  • humidity - 85–95%;
  • the place should be dark, with ventilation.

Important! Preservation of the stem during collection will extend the shelf life and protect the apple from infections.

Periodically, the fruits are checked to remove on time those that began to deteriorate. Apple Tree The memory of Ulyanischev can be grown in small areas in the central regions due to its growth characteristics and winter hardiness. High yield and commercial quality of the fruits are noticeable advantages of the variety.

Interesting Articles